CH1 Flashcards
WALTER CANON - Homeostasis
the biological self-regulation process that enables an organism to adapt to life’s demands.
WALTER CANON - Fight-Or-Flight
Cannon’s term for the body’s physiological activation response when it prepares to fight off or flee from a threat.
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Hans Selye’s three stage model of the effects of chronic stress. Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion
Eustress
Selye’s term for positive stress. Usually, eustress is a type of stress that is a challenge in a way that is motivating, satisfying, or even enjoyable.
HOLMES AND RAHE - Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)
a questionnaire for identifying major stressful life events. Each one of the 43 stressful life events was awarded a Life Change Unit (LCU) depending on how traumatic it was felt to be by a large sample of participants.
Lazarus- Hassles
small irritants and pressures experienced in everyday life.
Lazarus- Uplifts
positive encounters and experiences.
Lazarus -Core relational meaning
Appraisal patterns are linked to particular emotional responses because each appraisal pattern has its own core relational meaning. That is, depending on the meaning we give to the appraisal, there will be a dif- ferent emotional response.- 15 emotions – ex. Anger – “threat towards me and mine”
Stress
the constellation of CEPB reactions the organism (human) experiences as it transacts with perceived threats(n) and challenges(p).
Biomedical Model
a traditional model of health that assumes health is primarily a product of biological factors.
Biopsychosocial Model
a newer model of health that assumes health is a product of biological, psychological, and social influences.
Freud- Psychosomatic medicine
inspired by Sigmund Freud’s idea that re- pressed memories and intrapsychic conflict can lead to somatic conversions expressed as physical symptoms broke ranks with the conventional medical thinking of the time and became one of the first medical areas to challenge the mind-body duality aspect of the biomedical model.
Behavioral medicine
is the field of study that applies elements of the behavioral sciences to illness prevention and treatment
Health psychology
a specialty area of psychology that uses the scientific and professional knowledge base of the discipline of psychology to promote and maintain health as well as to treat illnesses.
Health
a positive physical, mental, and social state of well-being.
Health (WHO)
as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”
Wellness
Encompasses a global approach to health that not only includes
Antonovsky- Salutogenic Model
Antonovsky’s model of health that proposes that health resides on a con- tinuum from an entropic end to a salutary end; how one manages stress can move a person to- ward either end of the continuum.
Generalized Resistance Resources (Grrs),
which serve to reduce the pressure on us to move toward the negative end of the pole, the entropic direction, when encountering stressors. Such resources can be classified as our personal reserves (e.g., our sense of optimism), our social environment (e.g., our social relationships), and our physical environment (e.g., our physical resources like money and possessions).
Sense Of Coherence (SOC)
one’s worldview according to Antonovsky that is comprised of the three integrated factors of comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. CMM
Comprehensibility
indicates the degree to which we can make cognitive sense of the stimuli we perceive.
Manageability
refers to our ability to access internal and external coping resources and use them when we need them.
Meaningfulness
alludes to our ability to emotionally make sense of demands and to perceive these demands as worthwhile investments of our energy as challenges rather than burdens.
Yerkes-Dodson Curve
desired level of excitement - diffuse physiological arousal (mid level arousal) optimal
Diathesis-stress model
illness results from environmental stressors having an adverse impact on an individual’s most vulnerable biological systems. / weak organ model
Psychoendocrinology
the study of the relationship between psychological processes and endocrine function.
Coping
effectively using resources and strategies to deal with potentially harmful or stressful internal or external demands.
Bandura- Self-Efficacy
the belief in one’s abilities and skills to bring about a successful outcome in a given situation.
Lazarus’s Appraisal and Coping Model
3 Process Cognitive Model of stress and coping consisting of what they labeled primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, and reappraisal. ASR
PRIMARY APPRAISAL
a judgment in Lazarus’s model about the relative significance of an event regarding its potential benefit or harm/ loss EX. SEEING A TIGER – Question: Am I in trouble?
LAZARUS - 3 PRIMARY APPRAISAL RESPONSES
1.Irrelevant – no action
2.Benign- Positive -no threat action- emotional valence of neutral or positive
3. Stressfull –
*Harm-loss appraisals - past or present oriented or loss or damage
* Threat appraisals - future oriented (when the coping abilities are self-assessed as meet- ing the demands of the situation, then the potential harm-loss appraisal will be seen as a challenge rather than a threat.)
Challenge appraisals- see the potential for gain or growth.
SECONDARY APPRAISAL
The judgment in Lazarus’s model about how well one can deal or cope with a given stressful situation. If the situation demands more coping skills than the person has available a threat response will activate causing a stress reaction – EX. FIGHT OR FLIGHT? - taking action throwing a rock at the tiger. Question: What- if anything can be done about it?
2 Components of self efficacy
- Outcome Expectation refers to our belief that a particular action will lead to a particular outcome.
- Efficacy Expectation refers to the belief that the person can successfully execute the actions that lead to the desired outcome
- relates if you BELIEVE you have the resources to cope - Outcome Expectation + Efficacy Expectation =”I CAN DO IT”= HIGH OE + HIGH EE = HIGH S.E. AND S.A.
REAPPRAISAL
Occurs next when the person may change the meaning of the event to reduce stress reactions. Evaluating after seeing the tiger flee from action helps prevent subsequent stress and reactions and return to homeostasis
SELIGMAN Positive Psychology
the field of study in psychology that focuses on examining and promoting well-being and optimal human functioning.
3 related areas of study for positive psychology
1.Positive trait characteristics (e.g., virtues, strengths, talents, and values), 2.Positive subjective experiences (e.g., fulfillment, happiness, gratification, and satisfaction), and 3.Positive institutions (e.g., families, communities, schools, and organizations)
Goodlife
People who live the good life are often seen as those who have
- Positive trait characteristics
- Positive social relationships
- Positive life regulation capabilities
Issue with Holmes and Rahe (SRRS)
This idea spurred debate over whether stress is determined by objective life events or subjective appraisals of these events.
3 stress appraisals
*Harm-loss appraisals - past or present oriented or loss or damage
* Threat appraisals - future oriented (when the coping abilities are self-assessed as meet- ing the demands of the situation, then the potential harm-loss appraisal will be seen as a challenge rather than a threat.)
Challenge appraisals- see the potential for gain or growth.
