CH1

Question 1

WALTER CANON - Homeostasis

Answer 1

the biological self-regulation process that enables an organism to adapt to life’s demands.

Question 2

WALTER CANON - Fight-Or-Flight

Answer 2

Cannon’s term for the body’s physiological activation response when it prepares to fight off or flee from a threat.

Question 3

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Answer 3

Hans Selye’s three stage model of the effects of chronic stress. Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion

Question 4

Eustress

Answer 4

Selye’s term for positive stress. Usually, eustress is a type of stress that is a challenge in a way that is motivating, satisfying, or even enjoyable.

Question 5

HOLMES AND RAHE - Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)

Answer 5

a questionnaire for identifying major stressful life events. Each one of the 43 stressful life events was awarded a Life Change Unit (LCU) depending on how traumatic it was felt to be by a large sample of participants.

Question 6

Lazarus- Hassles

Answer 6

small irritants and pressures experienced in everyday life.

Question 7

Lazarus- Uplifts

Answer 7

positive encounters and experiences.

Question 8

Lazarus -Core relational meaning

Answer 8

Appraisal patterns are linked to particular emotional responses because each appraisal pattern has its own core relational meaning. That is, depending on the meaning we give to the appraisal, there will be a dif- ferent emotional response.- 15 emotions – ex. Anger – “threat towards me and mine”

Question 9

Stress

Answer 9

the constellation of CEPB reactions the organism (human) experiences as it transacts with perceived threats(n) and challenges(p).

Question 10

Biomedical Model

Answer 10

a traditional model of health that assumes health is primarily a product of biological factors.

Question 11

Biopsychosocial Model

Answer 11

a newer model of health that assumes health is a product of biological, psychological, and social influences.

Question 12

Freud- Psychosomatic medicine

Answer 12

inspired by Sigmund Freud’s idea that re- pressed memories and intrapsychic conflict can lead to somatic conversions expressed as physical symptoms broke ranks with the conventional medical thinking of the time and became one of the first medical areas to challenge the mind-body duality aspect of the biomedical model.

Question 13

Behavioral medicine

Answer 13

is the field of study that applies elements of the behavioral sciences to illness prevention and treatment

Question 14

Health psychology

Answer 14

a specialty area of psychology that uses the scientific and professional knowledge base of the discipline of psychology to promote and maintain health as well as to treat illnesses.

Question 15

Health

Answer 15

a positive physical, mental, and social state of well-being.

Question 16

Health (WHO)

Answer 16

as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”

Question 17

Wellness

Answer 17

Encompasses a global approach to health that not only includes

Question 18

Antonovsky- Salutogenic Model

Answer 18

Antonovsky’s model of health that proposes that health resides on a con- tinuum from an entropic end to a salutary end; how one manages stress can move a person to- ward either end of the continuum.

Question 19

Generalized Resistance Resources (Grrs),

Answer 19

which serve to reduce the pressure on us to move toward the negative end of the pole, the entropic direction, when encountering stressors. Such resources can be classified as our personal reserves (e.g., our sense of optimism), our social environment (e.g., our social relationships), and our physical environment (e.g., our physical resources like money and possessions).

Question 20

Sense Of Coherence (SOC)

Answer 20

one’s worldview according to Antonovsky that is comprised of the three integrated factors of comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. CMM

Question 21

Comprehensibility

Answer 21

indicates the degree to which we can make cognitive sense of the stimuli we perceive.

Question 22

Manageability

Answer 22

refers to our ability to access internal and external coping resources and use them when we need them.

Question 23

Meaningfulness

Answer 23

alludes to our ability to emotionally make sense of demands and to perceive these demands as worthwhile investments of our energy as challenges rather than burdens.

Question 24

Yerkes-Dodson Curve

Answer 24

desired level of excitement - diffuse physiological arousal (mid level arousal) optimal

Question 25

Diathesis-stress model

Answer 25

illness results from environmental stressors having an adverse impact on an individual’s most vulnerable biological systems. / weak organ model

Question 26

Psychoendocrinology

Answer 26

the study of the relationship between psychological processes and endocrine function.

Question 27

Coping

Answer 27

effectively using resources and strategies to deal with potentially harmful or stressful internal or external demands.

Question 28

Bandura- Self-Efficacy

Answer 28

the belief in one’s abilities and skills to bring about a successful outcome in a given situation.

Question 29

Lazarus’s Appraisal and Coping Model

Answer 29

3 Process Cognitive Model of stress and coping consisting of what they labeled primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, and reappraisal. ASR

Question 30

PRIMARY APPRAISAL

Answer 30

a judgment in Lazarus’s model about the relative significance of an event regarding its potential benefit or harm/ loss EX. SEEING A TIGER – Question: Am I in trouble?

Question 31

LAZARUS - 3 PRIMARY APPRAISAL RESPONSES

Answer 31

1.Irrelevant – no action
2.Benign- Positive -no threat action- emotional valence of neutral or positive
3. Stressfull –
*Harm-loss appraisals - past or present oriented or loss or damage
* Threat appraisals - future oriented (when the coping abilities are self-assessed as meet- ing the demands of the situation, then the potential harm-loss appraisal will be seen as a challenge rather than a threat.)
Challenge appraisals- see the potential for gain or growth.

Question 32

SECONDARY APPRAISAL

Answer 32

The judgment in Lazarus’s model about how well one can deal or cope with a given stressful situation. If the situation demands more coping skills than the person has available a threat response will activate causing a stress reaction – EX. FIGHT OR FLIGHT? - taking action throwing a rock at the tiger. Question: What- if anything can be done about it?

Question 33

2 Components of self efficacy

Answer 33

1. Outcome Expectation refers to our belief that a particular action will lead to a particular outcome.
2. Efficacy Expectation refers to the belief that the person can successfully execute the actions that lead to the desired outcome
   - relates if you BELIEVE you have the resources to cope
3. Outcome Expectation + Efficacy Expectation =”I CAN DO IT”= HIGH OE + HIGH EE = HIGH S.E. AND S.A.

Question 34

REAPPRAISAL

Answer 34

Occurs next when the person may change the meaning of the event to reduce stress reactions. Evaluating after seeing the tiger flee from action helps prevent subsequent stress and reactions and return to homeostasis

Question 35

SELIGMAN Positive Psychology

Answer 35

the field of study in psychology that focuses on examining and promoting well-being and optimal human functioning.

Question 36

3 related areas of study for positive psychology

Answer 36

1.Positive trait characteristics (e.g., virtues, strengths, talents, and values), 2.Positive subjective experiences (e.g., fulfillment, happiness, gratification, and satisfaction), and 3.Positive institutions (e.g., families, communities, schools, and organizations)

Question 37

Goodlife

Answer 37

People who live the good life are often seen as those who have

1. Positive trait characteristics
2. Positive social relationships
3. Positive life regulation capabilities

Question 38

Issue with Holmes and Rahe (SRRS)

Answer 38

This idea spurred debate over whether stress is determined by objective life events or subjective appraisals of these events.

Question 39

3 stress appraisals

Answer 39

*Harm-loss appraisals - past or present oriented or loss or damage
* Threat appraisals - future oriented (when the coping abilities are self-assessed as meet- ing the demands of the situation, then the potential harm-loss appraisal will be seen as a challenge rather than a threat.)
Challenge appraisals- see the potential for gain or growth.