CH.2

Question 1

Divine Command Theory

Answer 1

of happiness that states that the path to happiness is to follow the commands of a supreme being. – Hebrews and greeks 2500 yrs ago

Question 2

Virtue Theory/ Eudaimonia

Answer 2

Aristotle’s concept of happiness possessed of true well- being that is a by- product of living the virtuous life.

Question 3

Subjective Well-Being

Answer 3

represents the concept that happiness is determined by one’s appraisal of life satisfaction and positive feelings.

Question 4

Hedonic definition of happiness

Answer 4

The idea of positive feelings, good moods, and pleasurable experiences leading to happiness embodies the

Question 5

Positive affect

Answer 5

pleasant emotions such as joy, love, and amusement. nonspecific action tendencies

Question 6

Negative Affect

Answer 6

unpleasant emotions such as sadness, anger, fear, and anxiety. - specific action tendencies (fight or flight)

Question 7

Fredrickson’s broaden-and-build

Answer 7

Fredrickson’s model that explains the adaptive and evolutionary value of our positive emotions.

Question 8

Undoing hypothesis

Answer 8

positive emotions help us recover quickly from neg emotions

Question 9

life satisfaction

Answer 9

a global judgment about how good one’s life is.

Question 10

Subjective view

Answer 10

This subjectivist view suggests that each person knows best his or her level of happiness.

Question 11

Prescriptive view

Answer 11

that certain factors must be present for a person to feel happiness and well-being.

Question 12

Happiness Set Point

Answer 12

the idea that happiness levels are fixed, stable across time, and some- what impervious to control.

Question 13

3 lines of support for Happiness set point

Answer 13

1. Heritability
2. Personality factors
3. Hedonic adaptation

Question 14

Hedonic Adaptation

Answer 14

the concept that happiness due to circumstances tends to be temporary because we generally adjust fairly soon to our new circumstances.

Question 15

Habituation

Answer 15

where the novelty of a new stimulus eventually wears off after repeated exposure

Question 16

Bottom-up idea

Answer 16

predicated on life’s circumstances influencing our happiness (i.e., the sum of our positive experiences)—all the things around us bubble up to affect our happiness levels.

Question 17

Top-Down Concept

Answer 17

suggests that our happiness levels begin in ourselves, and as we look at our circumstances, we view them through our rosy or dark glasses.

Question 18

Learned Helplessness

Answer 18

a passive state analogous to depressed states in which one’s efforts are perceived as not affecting outcomes.

Question 19

Learned Optimism

Answer 19

acquiring an ability to generally expect positive outcomes.

Question 20

realistic optimism

Answer 20

form of optimism that does not “involve self-deception, or convincing oneself of desired beliefs without appropriate reality checks,” is the preferred form.

Question 21

Flow

Answer 21

an experience of merging one’s consciousness with an event in the present moment.

Question 22

Agency

Answer 22

refers to the motivational trait like perception that a wide range of goals will be pursued.

Question 23

Hope

Answer 23

seen as a combination of cognitive pathways and agency. Pathways refer to the ability to envision one or more routes toward reaching a desired goal. And agency refers to the motivational trait-like perception that a wide range of

Question 24

Mindfulness

Answer 24

can be defined as “the state of being attentive and aware of what is taking place in the present” or awareness of the present with acceptance

Question 25

Savoring

Answer 25

applying conscious awareness to enjoyment experiences.

Question 26

Compassion

Answer 26

a feeling that we have when we witness suffering.

Question 27

Empathy

Answer 27

involves both identification and understanding and is believed to be the driving force for acts of altruism,( the act of helping unselfishly.)

Question 28

3 conditions for compassion

Answer 28

(1) serious
(2) not self-inflicted
(3) we must be able to identify with the sufferer. -> empathy

Question 29

Forgiveness

Answer 29

act of giving up resentments toward those we perceive to have harmed us or another and letting go of claims for retribution or restitution.

Question 30

Gratitude

Answer 30

involves a feeling of appreciation for something good that an- other is responsible for bringing about.

Question 31

spirituality

Answer 31

a search for self-transcendence or to form connections with a higher power, divine