Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physical Science > Ch.28 and 29 > Flashcards

Ch.28 and 29 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a layer extending an average of 12 km above Earth’s surface called?

A

troposphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What describes the increasing temperature of air with increasing altitude?

A

temperature inversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation called?

A

Greenhouse effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How are the atmospheric layers divided?

A

the difference in composition and temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What gas makes up the majority of the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen- 78%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which gas makes up 21% of the atmosphere?

A

Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the remaining 1% of the atmosphere made up of?

A

Trace Gases

Majority of those trace gases are Argon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Within the troposphere, does temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

Decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many layers are there in the Earth’s atmosphere?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the names of the atmospheric layers closest to surface then going up?

A

Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which layer is the ozone layer found in?

A

stratosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Within the stratosphere, does temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Within the mesosphere, does the temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

the lower mesosphere it decreases and once it gets to 80 km it increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Do the thermosphere and the exosphere impact weather ?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a narrow band of fast moving, high altitude air called?

A

jet stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the apparent deflection of an object due to Earth’s rotation called?

A

Coriolis effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout called?

A

air mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the zone along which two or more air masses interact, producing certain weather conditions called?

A

weather front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many jet streams are there in the entire world?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many pressure systems are there?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are low pressure systems also know as?

A

Low(L)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which direction does a Low rotate?

A

counterclockwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are some results over a low pressure system ?

A

air rises causing cloud formation and precipitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a high pressure system also know as?

A

High(H)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which direction does a high rotate?

A

clockwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a result in high pressure systems?

A

the air sinks which results in clear skies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the 4 weather fronts?

A

Cold, Warm, Stationary, and Occluded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How are cold fronts created?

A

when cold air forces warm air upward in a fast and chaotic manner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How are cold fronts represented in a weather forecast?

A

blue triangles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How are warm fronts created?

A

warm air rises gently above cold air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How are warm fronts represented in a weather forecast?

A

red semicircles(half circle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How are stationary fronts created?

A

cold and warm air masses meet and neither front advances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How are stationary fronts represented in weather forecast?

A

red semicircles and blue triangles alternating bottom and top

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How are Occluded fronts created?

A

a fast moving cold front overtaking a slow warm front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How are Occluded fronts represented on forecast?

A

triangles and semicircles together alternating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is a climate that is strongly affected by an ocean called?

A

maritime climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is a climate that is not directly affected by an ocean called?

A

continental climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is a local wind created by temperature and pressure called?

A

sea breeze

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is climate?

A

the long term average of weather conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is weather

A

day to day outside conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the 5 spheres that make up Earths’s system?

A

Atmosphere, Biosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere, Cryosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the atmosphere?

A

the air that’s around us

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is the bisophere?

A

everything organic/living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the hydrosphere?

A

any liquid water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the cryosphere?

A

frozen water in snow, ice, and glaciers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the lithosphere?

A

Earth’s outermost layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the primary factor that influences climate at any given location?

A

Latitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Where is solar radiation most intense on Earth’s surface?

A

Equator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

At what angle do the sun rays hit the tropical zones?

A

90 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

At what angle do the sun rays hit Earth in the temperate zone?

A

45 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

At what angle to the sun rays hit the polar zone?

A

30 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Which zone is Lamar CO gonna be located in ?

A

Temperate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What other factors determine climate?

A

Precipitation, Mountains, Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What is the windward side conditions like?

A

cool and wet and there’s a lot of vegetation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is the leeward side conditions like ?

A

warm and dry. There’s little to no vegetation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What is it called when the wind blows from the land to the sea ?

A

land breeze

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Which climate zone and vegetation does Lamar CO have?

A

warm, semi-arid, and grassland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What does 100% of solar radiation come from?

A

sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What percent of solar radiation is absorbed by Earth’s surface?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What percent of solar radiation is reflected off of Earth’s surface?

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What percent of solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What percent of solar radiation is reflected by particles in the atmosphere

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What the 3 basic cloud shapes?

A

stratus, cumulus, and cirrus

64
Q

Describe stratus clouds

A

layered, sheet-like clouds associated with rain

65
Q

Describe cumulus clouds

A

puffy and occur in fair weather

66
Q

Describe cirrus clouds

A

wispy, high altitude clouds

67
Q

An increase in the average temperatures of Earth’s near-surface air and oceans is called what?

A

global warming

68
Q

What is the warming of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of western South America that occurs every 3 to 10 years called?

A

El Nino

69
Q

What occurs when trade winds in the Pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder than normal?

A

El Nina

70
Q

What are two changes that Earth’s climate undergoes?

A

seasonal and long term changes

71
Q

How do seasonal changes occur?

A

as Earth revolves around the sun

72
Q

Which hemisphere experiences summer?

A

the hemisphere that is tilted towards the sun

73
Q

What was the period called when most of Earth’s surface was covered in ice?

A

Ice age

74
Q

About how long ago did the Earth’s climate reach its current pattern?

A

3,000 years ago

75
Q

What are some factors that can cause climate change?

A

the tilt of Earth’s axis
the shape of the orbit
distance from the sun

76
Q

How can humans impact climate change?

A

energy consumption, deforestation, industrial practices, and agricultural practices

77
Q

What is deforestation ?

A

the clearing of large areas of forest land

78
Q

What are 2 factors that affect gravitational strength?

A

masses of each object and distance between them

79
Q

Which of Earth’s diameter is longer? Pull to pull or the equator?

A

Equator

80
Q

What does the magnetic field protect Earth from?

A

harmful radiation from the sun

81
Q

Which hemisphere is the south magnetic pole located?

A

northern hemisphere

82
Q

At what degrees is Earth’s axis tilted?

A

11.7 degrees

83
Q

Can the magnetic poles change?

A

yes

84
Q

What is the name of the large scale movements where the magnetic poles switch?

A

magnetic reversals

85
Q

How often to magnetic reversals occur?

A

200,000 years

86
Q

Which part of Earth’s magnetic field deflects harmful radition from the sun?

A

magnetosphere

87
Q

What are the two scientific names for the northern and southern lights?

A

aurora borealis and aurora australis

88
Q

How are the aurora’s created?

A

electrically charged particles collide with atoms in the atmosphere and emit light

89
Q

When is Earth closest to the sun?

A

January (147 million km away)

90
Q

When is Earth farthest away from the sun?

A

July (152 million km)

91
Q

what is an elongated, closed curve with two foci

A

ellipse

92
Q

What is an area 15 degrees wide in which the time is the same called?

A

time zone

93
Q

What is the spinning of Earth on its axis, an imaginary line drawn from Earth’s North Pole to its South Pole called?

A

Rotation

94
Q

What is the motion of Earth in an elliptical orbit around the Sun ?

A

Revolution

95
Q

What is defined as the plane of Earth’s orbit around the Sun?

A

ecliptic

96
Q

What occurs when Earth’s rotational axis is tilted directly toward the Sun or away from the Sun?

A

solstice

97
Q

What is it called when Earth’s rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of Earth to the center of the Sun?

A

Equinox

98
Q

Who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C?

A

Babylonians

99
Q

What was the symbol for degree taken from?

A

their symbol for the sun

100
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one day?

A

360 degrees

101
Q

How many hours does it take the earth to make one full rotation?

A

23 hours 56 min 4 s

102
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one hour?

A

15 degrees

103
Q

What direction does the sun rise?

A

East

104
Q

What direction does the sun set?

A

West

105
Q

True or False. All time zones are the exact same size?

A

False, they are modified to fit around cities, states, and country borders, and other key sites

106
Q

How many time zones are there in the world?

A

24

107
Q

Which direction do you move to add hours to the time?

A

East

108
Q

Which direction do you move the subtract hours from the time?W

A

West

109
Q

How many times zones are there in the US?

A

6

110
Q

What are the names on the time zones in the US?

A

Pacific, Atlantic, Mountain, Eastern, Central

111
Q

What is a solar day?

A

the time required for the Earth to rotate once relative to the background of the stars

112
Q

What is a sidereal day?

A

where looking at one star appears again when looking at the again after rotating

113
Q

What are the 2 main reasons for seasons?

A

revolution and tilt of the axis

114
Q

Which 2 seasons have a solstice?

A

summer and winter

115
Q

Which month is the summer solstice?

A

June 21st

116
Q

Which month is the winter solstice?

A

December 21st

117
Q

Which two seasons are equinoxes?

A

fall and spring

118
Q

Which month is the spring equinox?

A

March 20th-21st

119
Q

Which month is the fall equinox?

A

September 22nd-23rd

120
Q

When is the longest day of the year?

A

June 21st

121
Q

When is the shortest day of the year?

A

winter solstice (December 21st)

122
Q

When are the days almost 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night?

A

equinoxes

123
Q

What is a rise or fall in the ocean surface called?

A

Tide

124
Q

What occurs when the moon moves directly between the sun and Earth and casts a shadow on Earth?

A

Solar eclipse

125
Q

What occurs when Earth passes between the sun and the moon and casts a shadow on the moon?

A

Lunar eclipse

126
Q

What reflects the change in appearance of the moon as seen from Earth?

A

Moon phase

127
Q

What are the dark-colored, flat, lava-filled regions on the Moon’s surface called?

A

Maria

128
Q

What is a layer of dusty lunar material produced by collisions between asteroids and comets and the moon called?

A

Regolith

129
Q

How many days does it take the moon to revolve around Earth?

A

27.3 days

130
Q

A complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 days, what is it called?

A

synodic month

131
Q

Do we ever see the back side of the moon?

A

No

132
Q

What causes a tide to rise or fall?

A

gravitational pull by the sun and moon

133
Q

What is the rise of sea level called?

A

high tide

134
Q

After the sea level rises, how many hours does it take for the sea level to drop?

A

6 hours

135
Q

What is farther from Earth, the sun or the moon?

A

Sun

136
Q

Doe the moon or the sun cause a greater effect on Earth’s tides?

A

Moon

137
Q

How are the sun, the earth, and the moon aligned for a spring tide?

A

sun,earth, moon

In a straight line

138
Q

How are the sun, the moon, and the earth aligned for a neap tide?

A

sun,earth,moon

90 degree angle

139
Q

What does the phase of the moon you see depend on?

A

position of the Moon, Earth, and the Sun relative to one another

140
Q

When does a new moon occur?

A

when the moon is between the earth and sun

141
Q

How many phases of the moon are there?

A

8

142
Q

What is the definition of waxing phases?

A

the illuminated portion of the moon that we see appears larger each night

143
Q

What is the definition of waning phases?

A

the illuminated portion of the moon that we see begins to appear smaller

144
Q

What are the moon phase names?

A

New moon, Waxing crescent, 1st quarter, Waxing gibbous, full, Waning gibbous, 3rd quarter, Waning crescent

145
Q

Where is the word month derived from?

A

an old German word that also comes from the root word of moon

146
Q

How is the earth, moon, and sun aligned during a solar eclipse ?

A

sun, moon, earth

147
Q

What is an umbra?

A

the darkest portion of the moon’s shadow

148
Q

What is a penumbra?

A

the lightest portion of the Moon’s shadow that a partial solar eclipse

149
Q

How is the earth moon and sun aligned during a lunar eclipse?

A

sun, earth, moon

150
Q

How are the depressions on the moon formed?

A

asteroids, meteorites, and comets

151
Q

Are there mountains on the moon?

A

Yes

152
Q

Which side of the moon is thicker?

A

the dark side of the moon/ side not facing earth

153
Q

Is the mantle of the moon a solid or a liquid?

A

solid

154
Q

What did the Clementine spacecraft do?

A

confirmed that the crust on the side facing earth is much thinner than on the far side and also provided information on the mineral content of Moon rocks

155
Q

What did the Lunar Prospector do?

A

took photographs of the surface, confirmed that the moon had a small iron rich core, and collected evidence that supports the presence of water-ice on the Moon

156
Q

What is the Giant Impact Theory ?

A

where a mars sized object collided with earth sending debris out into orbit that debris condensed into a large mass, forming the Moon

Physical Science (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions