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Physical Science > Ch.25 > Flashcards

Ch.25 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a system of mountain ranges on seafloor separated by valleys

A

Mid-ocean ridge

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2
Q

A long, narrow depression that forms in between peaks along the mid-ocean ridge

A

Rift Valley

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3
Q

the boundary where two plates collide

A

Convergent plate boundary

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4
Q

when a thick and buoyant continental plate meets a thin and dense oceanic plate, the denser plate dives beneath the continent

A

Subduction

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5
Q

type of boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions

A

Transform Plate Boundary

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6
Q

the boundary between two plates that are moving apart

A

Divergent Plate Boundary

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7
Q

a sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in Earth’s crust called faults

A

Earthquake

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8
Q

a crack in Earth’s crust along which rock has moved

A

Fault

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9
Q

a sudden release of strain energy as rock moves along a fault

A

Elastic Rebound

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10
Q

the point of origin for an earthquake

A

Focus

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11
Q

the point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus

A

Epicenter

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12
Q

Who came up with the continental drift hypothesis?

A

Alfred Wegener

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13
Q

What were some pieces of evidence to support Wegener’s hypothesis ?

A
  1. Coastlines match up like puzzle pieces
  2. found large land animal fossils
  3. mountain ranges match up and the rocks are made up of the same composition and age
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14
Q

What was the name of the super continent?

A

Pangaea

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15
Q

Who came up with the Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis?

A

Harry Hess

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16
Q

What did Harry Hess use to map the bottom of the sea floor?

A

Sonar

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17
Q

Who discovered the mid-ocean ridge?

A

Harry Hess

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18
Q

Where at the bottom of the sea floor is the youngest rock gonna be found?

A

near the MOR (mid-ocean ridge)

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19
Q

What are the types of plate boundaries?

A
  1. Divergent
  2. Convergent
  3. Transform
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20
Q

How to convergent plate boundaries move?

A

They come together; collide

21
Q

Subduction zones only occur with which type of plate boundary?

A

Convergent plate boundaries

22
Q

What two types of crust are involved in plate movement?

A

Oceanic crust and Continental crust

23
Q

What are the types of land forms that can be created when Oceanic and Continental crust converge ?

A

Deep-sea trench and volcanoes

24
Q

What land forms are created when two Oceanic crust converge?

A

Deep-sea trench and hot spots(creates islands)

25
Q

What land forms are created when two continental crusts converge?

A

Mountains

26
Q

How do divergent plate boundaries move?

A

They separate

27
Q

What are the two examples of divergent boundaries?

A

MOR(Oceanic crust) and East African Rift (continetal crust)

28
Q

How do transform plate boundaries move?

A

They slide horizontally past each other

29
Q

What is a specific example of a transform plate boundary?

A

San Andreas Fault (two continental crusts)

30
Q

How does a convection current work?

A
  1. magma heats up, becomes less dense, and rises

2. magma cools, becomes more dense, and sinks back down

31
Q

What are other forces that help plate movement ?

A

slab pull, ridge push, and friction

32
Q

What types of plates boundaries have shallow earthquakes ?

A

divergent and transform

33
Q

Which boundaries have deep earthquakes?

A

Convergent plate boundaries

34
Q

What are the 4 types of stress that can be applied to rocks?

A

compression,tension,shear,and torsion stress

35
Q

What are the types of deformation?

A

Elastic ad Plastic Deformation

36
Q

What happens to the rock if elastic deformation occurs ?

A

soon as the stress is released it returns to its original shape

37
Q

What happens to the rock if plastic deformation occurs?

A

Soon as stressed is released it will remain in a new shape

38
Q

what types of seismic waves are there?

A

primary waves,secondary waves,surface waves

39
Q

which type of seismic wave moves the fastest?

A

P-wave (primary)

40
Q

What type of wave is a P-wave?

A

compression wave

41
Q

How do primary waves move?

A

Compression wave

42
Q

How to secondary waves move?

A

Transverse wave ( up and down)

43
Q

What type of material can P-waves move through?

A

Solid and liquids

44
Q

What types of material can S-waves move through?

A

ONLY solids

45
Q

Which waves are the most complex?

A

Surface waves

46
Q

What are the two scales that help us measure earthquakes?

A

Mercalli scale and the Richter scale

47
Q

What does the Richter scale measure?

A

the amount of energy released

48
Q

What does the Mercalli scale measure ?

A

the amount of damaged caused

Physical Science (6 decks)

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