CH.26 Flashcards
Mineral
a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form
streak
color of a mineral in powdered form
cleavage
when a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides
fracture
minerals that break with irregular surfaces
hardness
physical property that measures a mineral’s resistance to scratching
magma
molten rock material inside earth
what are the two most abundant elements in earths crust
silicon and oxygen
a mineral is
a naturally occurring inorganic solid with crystalline form
what does inorganic mean
materials that are not living
what does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral
the way it breaks,how hard it is, and what types of crystal shape it has
what are all of the ways to identify minerals
luster,streak,cleavage,and fracture,hardness,crystal shape
what are the two types of luster
metallic and nonmetallic
how does metallic luster reflect light
very easily metal surface
how do you perform a streak test
you rub a mineral across on an unglazed porcelain tile
what are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals
what is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral
Mohs
what is the number range on Mohs scale of hardness
1-10
how many different crystal shape systems are there
minerals grow from the
what are the 3 ways minerals can form
hot water,molten rock,evaporation
what are two mineral groups
silicates and non silicates
which mineral group is the most abundant in earths crust
silacate
what elements are silicates made up of
Nonsilicates do not contain what element
silicon
what mineral is used to make glass
quartz
Define rock
how are rocks identified
what does the texture of a rock describe about a rock
where do intrusive igneous rocks form
what type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from
what is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals
bowen’s reaction series
what are the 3 types of magma
felsic,mafic,intermidiate
which magma type has a low silica content
mafic
which magma type has a high silica content
felsic
which type of crust has an abundent amonut of quartz
continental crust
which type of crust has little to no quartz
deep continental or oceanic crust
which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture
intrusive igneous rocks
which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture
extrusive igneous rocks
do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly
quickly
what are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock
vesicular texture and porphyritic texture
which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling
vesicular
which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates
porphyritic texture
what type of rock has a vesicular texture
pumice
define clasts
small rocks and mineral fragments
what types of erosion are rocks on earths surface exposed to
water, wind, and other forces
what does it mean if clasts are being transported
being moved from one location to another
what does it mean if clasts are being deposited
define pore space
empty spaces between grains
define compaction
clasts stick together due to weight
define cementation
minerals percipitate slowly out of water
how are sedimentary rocks formed
clasts get compacted together and water flows through
what is another name for clasts
detruitus
what are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts
detrital sedimentary rock
what is the decreasing size of clasts
graval,sand,silt or clay
which clast size would be deposited first
graval
what are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks
conglomerate,sandstone,siltstone,and shale
how are chemical sedimentary rocks formed
they form from water that contains solids and mineral particpates out of a solution
if sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called
biochemical sedimentary rocks
what are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks
limestone and coal
what are 3 types of sedimentary rock
clastic,organic,chemical
