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Physical Science > CH.26 > Flashcards

CH.26 Flashcards

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1
Q

Mineral

A

a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form

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2
Q

streak

A

color of a mineral in powdered form

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3
Q

cleavage

A

when a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides

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4
Q

fracture

A

minerals that break with irregular surfaces

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5
Q

hardness

A

physical property that measures a mineral’s resistance to scratching

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6
Q

magma

A

molten rock material inside earth

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7
Q

what are the two most abundant elements in earths crust

A

silicon and oxygen

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8
Q

a mineral is

A

a naturally occurring inorganic solid with crystalline form

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9
Q

what does inorganic mean

A

materials that are not living

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10
Q

what does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral

A

the way it breaks,how hard it is, and what types of crystal shape it has

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11
Q

what are all of the ways to identify minerals

A

luster,streak,cleavage,and fracture,hardness,crystal shape

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12
Q

what are the two types of luster

A

metallic and nonmetallic

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13
Q

how does metallic luster reflect light

A

very easily metal surface

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14
Q

how do you perform a streak test

A

you rub a mineral across on an unglazed porcelain tile

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15
Q

what are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals

A
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16
Q

what is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral

A

Mohs

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17
Q

what is the number range on Mohs scale of hardness

A

1-10

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18
Q

how many different crystal shape systems are there

A
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19
Q

minerals grow from the

A
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20
Q

what are the 3 ways minerals can form

A

hot water,molten rock,evaporation

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21
Q

what are two mineral groups

A

silicates and non silicates

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22
Q

which mineral group is the most abundant in earths crust

A

silacate

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23
Q

what elements are silicates made up of

A
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24
Q

Nonsilicates do not contain what element

A

silicon

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25
Q

what mineral is used to make glass

A

quartz

26
Q

Define rock

A
27
Q

how are rocks identified

A
28
Q

what does the texture of a rock describe about a rock

A
29
Q

where do intrusive igneous rocks form

A
30
Q

what type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from

A
31
Q

what is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals

A

bowen’s reaction series

32
Q

what are the 3 types of magma

A

felsic,mafic,intermidiate

33
Q

which magma type has a low silica content

A

mafic

34
Q

which magma type has a high silica content

A

felsic

35
Q

which type of crust has an abundent amonut of quartz

A

continental crust

36
Q

which type of crust has little to no quartz

A

deep continental or oceanic crust

37
Q

which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture

A

intrusive igneous rocks

38
Q

which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture

A

extrusive igneous rocks

39
Q

do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly

A

quickly

40
Q

what are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock

A

vesicular texture and porphyritic texture

41
Q

which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling

A

vesicular

42
Q

which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates

A

porphyritic texture

43
Q

what type of rock has a vesicular texture

A

pumice

44
Q

define clasts

A

small rocks and mineral fragments

45
Q

what types of erosion are rocks on earths surface exposed to

A

water, wind, and other forces

46
Q

what does it mean if clasts are being transported

A

being moved from one location to another

47
Q

what does it mean if clasts are being deposited

A
48
Q

define pore space

A

empty spaces between grains

49
Q

define compaction

A

clasts stick together due to weight

50
Q

define cementation

A

minerals percipitate slowly out of water

51
Q

how are sedimentary rocks formed

A

clasts get compacted together and water flows through

52
Q

what is another name for clasts

A

detruitus

53
Q

what are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts

A

detrital sedimentary rock

54
Q

what is the decreasing size of clasts

A

graval,sand,silt or clay

55
Q

which clast size would be deposited first

A

graval

56
Q

what are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks

A

conglomerate,sandstone,siltstone,and shale

57
Q

how are chemical sedimentary rocks formed

A

they form from water that contains solids and mineral particpates out of a solution

58
Q

if sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called

A

biochemical sedimentary rocks

59
Q

what are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks

A

limestone and coal

60
Q

what are 3 types of sedimentary rock

A

clastic,organic,chemical

Physical Science (12 decks)

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