ch 27.3 and 27.4 Flashcards

1
Q

infiltration

A

the process by which water enters earth and becomes groundwater below the surface

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2
Q

water table

A

the upper boundary of the saturated zone

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3
Q

aquifer

A

a rock unit that can transfer water through its pore space

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4
Q

porosity

A

a material is the percentage of the material total volume that is pore space

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5
Q

absolute dating

A

the process of assining an exact numerical age to an organism an object or an event

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6
Q

relative dating

A

the process of placing objects or events in their proper order in time

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7
Q

uniformitarianism

A

which states that the laws of nature operate today as they have in the past

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8
Q

principle of superposition

A

states that in an undistured sequence of sedimentary rock layer

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9
Q

unconformities

A

gaps in the rock record during which either erosion occured or deposition was absent

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10
Q

fossils

A

the remains or traces of organisms found in the geologic rock record

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11
Q

what percentage of water on earth is salt water

A

97 percent

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12
Q

what percentage of water on earth is freshwater

A

3 percent

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13
Q

where is the majority of freshwater found

A

the majority of freshwater is found in glaciers (2%)

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14
Q

where is the smaller percentage of freshwater found

A

1 percent of the freshwater is found in lakes, rivers, and stored as ground water

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15
Q

what is precipitation

A

rain,snow,sleet, and hail

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16
Q

what is runoff

A

water running off the land surface

17
Q

what is infiltration

A

water enters earth and becomes ground water

18
Q

what is transpiration

A

when plants release water vapor into the atmosphere

19
Q

what is evaporation

A

when water enters the atmosphere as water vapor

20
Q

what is condensation

A

water vapor collides with other water vapor molecules to form water droplets

21
Q

what is the water cycle

A

fresh water moves from the land to the atmosphere then back to the land

22
Q

what is an unsaturated zone for groundwater storage

A

a porous area where water easily passes through

23
Q

what is a saturated zone for groundwater storage

A

beneath the unsaturated zone, where water completely fills the pore space

24
Q

what is a water table

A

the upper boundary of the saturated zone

25
what does it mean if sediment is permeable
material is the easier water can infiltrate through the ground
26
what is an aquifer
a rock unit that can transfer water through its pore space
27
what is the name of the great plains aquifer
ogallala aquifer
28
how many states does the great plains aquifer run through
8 states
29
what are the names of the states that the great plains aquifer runs through
south Dakota, Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, new mexico, and Texas
30
what is an aquitard
it keeps water confined
31
how are water springs formed
they form where the water table naturally meets earths surface
32
what is an artesian well
wells drilled into pressurized aquifer
33
what is a cone of depression
where the water flows directed down toward the well creating a cone of depression