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Physical Science > ch 27 > Flashcards

ch 27 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

weathering

A

the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earths surface

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2
Q

soil

A

a mixture of weathered rock,organic matter,water,and air that is capable of supporting plant life

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3
Q

erosion

A

the removal of surface material through the process of weathering

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4
Q

sediment transport

A

rocks weather, erosional agents like water,ice,wind,and gravity move eroded materials from one place to another in a process

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5
Q

deposition

A

when the erosional agent slows down or melts it drops this sediment load in a process

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6
Q

drainage basin

A

the land area that gathers water for a major river

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7
Q

longshore current

A

the movement of water parallel to the shoreline

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8
Q

what is weathering

A

breakdown of materials on earths surface

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9
Q

do rocks weather at the same rate

A

no they do not

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10
Q

what are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather

A

rock type and landscpe

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11
Q

what are the two types of weathering

A

mechanical weathering and chemical weathering

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12
Q

what type of change happens with mechanical weathering

A

physical changes

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13
Q

what are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering

A

frost wedging,biological activity, and collisions

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14
Q

what causes frost wedging

A

water getting between the cracks in a rock and freezing

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15
Q

what is the cycle called during frost wedging

A

freeze-thaw cycles

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16
Q

what causes biological activity

A

plant and animal activity

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17
Q

what causes weathering during collisions

A

when rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers

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18
Q

what is soil

A

rock, organic matter, and water

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19
Q

what is parent material

A

the material from which soil forms from

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20
Q

what are soil horizons

A

they are the diffrent layers of soil

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21
Q

how many soil horizons are there

A

6

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22
Q

true or false. all soils contain every soil horizon

A

false

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23
Q

what are the specific soil horizons

A

o,a,e,b,c,and r

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24
Q

what does the first soil horizon contain

A

organic material

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25
Q

what is the second horizon mostly made up of

A

mostly minerals

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26
Q

which layer does leaching occur

A

horizon E

27
Q

which horizon collects materials from previous horizons

A

horizon B

28
Q

which layer is partially weathered bedrock

A

horizon C

29
Q

which layer is unweathered bedrock

A

horizon R

30
Q

which soil horizons make up the topsoil

A

O and A

31
Q

which soil horizons make up the subsoil

A

E and B

32
Q

which horizons make up the true soil

A

O,A,E,B

33
Q

what is the diffrence between weathering and erosion

A

weathering is the breakdown and erosion is the removal

34
Q

as the slope of a river decreases

A

the rivers speed decreases

35
Q

what are small streams that flow into larger rivers are called what

A

tributaries

36
Q

the land area that gathers water for a major river is called

A

drainage basin

37
Q

a boundary that seperates distinct drainage basins are called

A

drainage divide

38
Q

eroded surfaces that are created

A

channels

39
Q

what shape do young rivers create in earths surface

A

V-shape

40
Q

what type of rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes

A

mature

41
Q

when rivers flood and drop there sediment load which type of land form is created

A

flood plains

42
Q

what are fan shaped sediment deposites that will form at the mouth of the river

A

deltas

43
Q

what are the branching channels that are made by channels

A

distributaries

44
Q

what is it called where the mouth of a river or stream inters dry lands

A

alluvial fans

45
Q

what are the two types of glaciers

A

valley glacires and continental glaciers

46
Q

where are the two contenintal glaciers located

A

greenland and antartica

47
Q

what is a cirque

A

bowl shaped basins

48
Q

what is arete

A

its a long sharp ridgeline where glaciers erode in the side of a mountain

49
Q

what is a horn

A

sharpened peaks

50
Q

what do tributary glaciers create

A

hanging vallies

51
Q

what are tributary glaciers

A

small glaciers that feed into large glaciers

52
Q

what shape do valley glaciers make

A

U-shape

53
Q

which side of a sand sand dune does erosion occur

A

windward side

54
Q

which side does deposition occur on

A

leeward side

55
Q

what is the removal of small particles by wind and leaving heavier particles behind

A

deflation

56
Q

what is the remaining surface when small particles are removed

A

desert pavement

57
Q

what does the shape ans size landforms depend on

A

wind speed, amount of time the wind blows, and sediment supply

58
Q

what are three landforms created by wave erosion

A

coastal cliffs,sea stacks, and sea arches

59
Q

what are two examples of wave depositions

A

sand bars and sand spits

60
Q

what is sand bars

A

landforms that are parallel to the shoreline

61
Q

what are sand spits

A

sanbars that extend into the water from land and curve back toward land in a hook shape

62
Q

what is mass wasting caused by

A

caused by snow, heavy rains, earthquakes, or human activity

63
Q

what are some examples of mass wasting

A

rock slides, mudfows, and landslides

Physical Science (12 decks)

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