ch 27 Flashcards
weathering
the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earths surface
soil
a mixture of weathered rock,organic matter,water,and air that is capable of supporting plant life
erosion
the removal of surface material through the process of weathering
sediment transport
rocks weather, erosional agents like water,ice,wind,and gravity move eroded materials from one place to another in a process
deposition
when the erosional agent slows down or melts it drops this sediment load in a process
drainage basin
the land area that gathers water for a major river
longshore current
the movement of water parallel to the shoreline
what is weathering
breakdown of materials on earths surface
do rocks weather at the same rate
no they do not
what are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather
rock type and landscpe
what are the two types of weathering
mechanical weathering and chemical weathering
what type of change happens with mechanical weathering
physical changes
what are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering
frost wedging,biological activity, and collisions
what causes frost wedging
water getting between the cracks in a rock and freezing
what is the cycle called during frost wedging
freeze-thaw cycles
what causes biological activity
plant and animal activity
what causes weathering during collisions
when rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers
what is soil
rock, organic matter, and water
what is parent material
the material from which soil forms from
what are soil horizons
they are the diffrent layers of soil
how many soil horizons are there
6
true or false. all soils contain every soil horizon
false
what are the specific soil horizons
o,a,e,b,c,and r
what does the first soil horizon contain
organic material
what is the second horizon mostly made up of
mostly minerals
which layer does leaching occur
horizon E
which horizon collects materials from previous horizons
horizon B
which layer is partially weathered bedrock
horizon C
which layer is unweathered bedrock
horizon R
which soil horizons make up the topsoil
O and A
which soil horizons make up the subsoil
E and B
which horizons make up the true soil
O,A,E,B
what is the diffrence between weathering and erosion
weathering is the breakdown and erosion is the removal
as the slope of a river decreases
the rivers speed decreases
what are small streams that flow into larger rivers are called what
tributaries
the land area that gathers water for a major river is called
drainage basin
a boundary that seperates distinct drainage basins are called
drainage divide
eroded surfaces that are created
channels
what shape do young rivers create in earths surface
V-shape
what type of rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes
mature
when rivers flood and drop there sediment load which type of land form is created
flood plains
what are fan shaped sediment deposites that will form at the mouth of the river
deltas
what are the branching channels that are made by channels
distributaries
what is it called where the mouth of a river or stream inters dry lands
alluvial fans
what are the two types of glaciers
valley glacires and continental glaciers
where are the two contenintal glaciers located
greenland and antartica
what is a cirque
bowl shaped basins
what is arete
its a long sharp ridgeline where glaciers erode in the side of a mountain
what is a horn
sharpened peaks
what do tributary glaciers create
hanging vallies
what are tributary glaciers
small glaciers that feed into large glaciers
what shape do valley glaciers make
U-shape
which side of a sand sand dune does erosion occur
windward side
which side does deposition occur on
leeward side
what is the removal of small particles by wind and leaving heavier particles behind
deflation
what is the remaining surface when small particles are removed
desert pavement
what does the shape ans size landforms depend on
wind speed, amount of time the wind blows, and sediment supply
what are three landforms created by wave erosion
coastal cliffs,sea stacks, and sea arches
what are two examples of wave depositions
sand bars and sand spits
what is sand bars
landforms that are parallel to the shoreline
what are sand spits
sanbars that extend into the water from land and curve back toward land in a hook shape
what is mass wasting caused by
caused by snow, heavy rains, earthquakes, or human activity
what are some examples of mass wasting
rock slides, mudfows, and landslides
