ch25.3and25.4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the boundary that marks the density change between layers?

A

discontinuity

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2
Q

How are discontinuities identified?

A

by using seismic waves

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3
Q

What are shadow zones?

A

Areas where seismic have aren’t recorded

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4
Q

What is another name for shadow zones?

A

dead zone

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5
Q

Between which degrees do shadow zones fall?

A

105 to 140 degrees

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6
Q

Is the outer core a liquid or a solid?

A

liquid

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7
Q

is the inner core a liquid or a solid?

A

solid

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8
Q

What two things makes up the lithosphere?

A

the crust and the uppermost mantle

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9
Q

What is the asthenosphere?

A

plastic like layer on which Earths plates move

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10
Q

Which elements make up Earth’s mantle?

A

Calcium, Aluminum, Iron, Magnesium

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11
Q

Which elements make up the core?

A

Iron and Nickle

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12
Q

What is viscosity?

A

The measure of a fluids resistance to flow

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13
Q

What is silica?

A

The chemical compound silicon dioxide

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14
Q

what is a cinder cone volcanoe?

A

small and have short eruption cycles

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15
Q

what is a shield volcanoe?

A

broad with flat structures composed of layer upon layer of lava flow

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16
Q

What is a composite volcanoe?

A

large steep sided often thousands of meters high

17
Q

What is molten or liquid rock stored inside earth called?

18
Q

Where is the ring of fire located?

A

along the pacific ocean shore line

19
Q

which 2 specific location have volcanic activity due to divergents?

A

East African Rift and the Mid Atlantic ridge

20
Q

Are hot spots stationary?

21
Q

What can hot spots create?

A

islands(Hawiian islands)

22
Q

If the viscosity if higher will the fluid flow more quickly or more slowly?

A

more slowly

23
Q

If magma has a high viscostiy will it contain more or less silica?

24
Q

What is pyroplastic material?

A

Any solid material that erupts from a volcano

25
What is the smallest pyroplastic material?
volcanic ash
26
What is the largest pyroplastic material?
Volcanic blocks and bombs
27
What are the types of gases that erupt?
Water vapor, Carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide
28
What causes different styles of eruption?
magma and viscosity
29
Why are there different types of volcanoes?
shape, size and materials that erupt
30
What erupts from cinder cones?
high temperatures, low viscosity
31
What erupts from shield volcanoes?
high temperature, low viscosity, basaltic lava
32
What are composite volcanoes formed from?
Erupting pyroplastic material building up
33
What are the three types of volcanoes?
shield, composite, cinder cone