ch 26

Question 1

a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystaline form

Answer 1

mineral

Question 2

the color of a mineral in powder form

Answer 2

streak

Question 3

mineral breaks along preferred planes creating smooth paralelle sides

Answer 3

cleavage

Question 4

minerals that break irregularly

Answer 4

fracture

Question 5

minerals resistance to scratch

Answer 5

hardness

Question 6

molten rock matierial inside earth

Answer 6

magma

Question 7

A mineral is

Answer 7

naturally occurring, inorganic solid, crystaline form

Question 8

What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth’s crust?

Answer 8

silicon and oxygen

Question 9

What does inorganic mean?

Answer 9

material that is non living

Question 10

What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?

Answer 10

The way it breaks, how hard it is, type of crystal shape it has

Question 11

What are all the ways to identify minerals?

Answer 11

streak, luster, cleavage, fracture, hardness, crystal shape, atomic arrangement

Question 12

what are the two types of luster?

Answer 12

non metallic, metallic

Question 13

How does metallic luster reflect light?

Answer 13

very easily, like a piece of metal (chrome)

Question 14

How does non metallic luster reflect light?

Answer 14

like glass, earthy, waxy

Question 15

how do you perform the streak test?

Answer 15

rubbing a mineral on an unglazed white porcelain tile

Question 16

what are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?

Answer 16

cleavage or fracture

Question 17

what is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?

Answer 17

moh’s scale of hardness

Question 18

What is the hardness range of moh’s hardness scale?

Answer 18

1-10

Question 19

how many different crystal shape systems are there?

Answer 19

6

Question 20

minerals grow from the

Answer 20

inside out

Question 21

what are the three ways minerals can form?

Answer 21

hot water, evaporation, molten rock

Question 22

what are the two mineral groups?

Answer 22

silicates and non silicates

Question 23

which mineral group is the most abundant in earths crust?

Answer 23

silicates

Question 24

what elements are silicates made up of?

Answer 24

sillicon and oxygen

Question 25

nonsilacates do not contain what element?

Answer 25

sillicon

Question 26

what mineral is used to make glass?

Answer 26

quartz

Question 27

Naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic glass

Answer 27

Rock

Question 28

How are rocks identified?

Answer 28

composition and texture

Question 29

What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?

Answer 29

size shape and arrangement of the rocks components

Question 30

Where do intrusive igneous rocks form?

Answer 30

form in earths crust

Question 31

What type of molten does intrusive igneous rock form from?

Answer 31

molten rock that cools and crystalizes underground

Question 32

what is the name of the series that illustrates stimultaneos crystallizationof sillicate minerals?

Answer 32

Bowen's reaction theory's

Question 33

What are the three types of magma?

Answer 33

Mafic, intermediate, felsic

Question 34

which magma type has a low sillica content?

Answer 34

basaltic

Question 35

Which magma type has a high sillica content?

Answer 35

rhyolitic

Question 36

Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz?(oceanic or continental)

Answer 36

continental crust

Question 37

Which type of crust has little to no quartz? (oceanic or continental)

Answer 37

continental or oceanic crust

Question 38

Which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained?

Answer 38

Intrusive

Question 39

Which type of igneous rock has fine grained texture?

Answer 39

Extrusive

Question 40

Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?

Answer 40

quickly

Question 41

What are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock?

Answer 41

Pumice and scoria

Question 42

Which texture is the types with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?

Answer 42

holey textures

Question 43

Which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates?

Answer 43

porphyritic

Question 44

What type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture?

Answer 44

Pumice

Question 45

Define clasts

Answer 45

small rock and mineral fragments

Question 46

What types of erosion are rocks on earth's surface exposed to?

Answer 46

wind, water, and other forces

Question 47

What does it mean if clasts are being transported?

Answer 47

They are being moved from one place to another

Question 48

What does it mean if clasts are being deposited?

Answer 48

It is when the clasts stopped being carried by the wind or water

Question 49

Define pore space

Answer 49

The empty space between grains

Question 50

Define compaction

Answer 50

clasts stick together due to the weight of overlying material

Question 51

Define cementation

Answer 51

minerals percipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystallizes in the spaces between clasts

Question 52

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 52

they are formed by using both compaction and cementation

Question 53

What is another name for clasts?

Answer 53

detritus

Question 54

what are sedimentary that are mostly made of clasts?

Answer 54

detrital sedimentary rock

Question 55

What is decreasing size of clasts?

Answer 55

gravel, sand, silt, and clay

Question 56

Which clast size would be deposited first?

Answer 56

gravel

Question 57

What are four common detrital sedimentary rocks?

Answer 57

gravel, sand, silt, and clay

Question 58

How are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 58

they form from water that had dissolved solids

Question 59

If sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called?

Answer 59

biochemical sedimentary rocks

Question 60

what are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks?

Answer 60

carbon and coal

Question 61

What are 3 types of sedimentary rock?

Answer 61

detrital, chemical, biochemical sedimentary rocks

Question 62

Metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which 3 things?

Answer 62

heat,pressure, and chemical reactions

Question 63

Which types of rocks can be changed by metamorphism?

Answer 63

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

Question 64

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas?

Answer 64

regional metamorphism

Question 65

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over small areas?

Answer 65

contact metamorphism

Question 66

When shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created?

Answer 66

slate

Question 67

What are the two types of metamorphic rock textures?

Answer 67

foliated and non-foliated

Question 68

Define foliated texture

Answer 68

ranged and has layers of bands

Question 69

define non-foliated texture

Answer 69

randomly organized

Question 70

Metamorphic rocks are are mainly classified based on which two things?

Answer 70

texture and composition

Question 71

Define rock cycle

Answer 71

The continual changing from one rock type to another

Question 72

Which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle?

Answer 72

igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

Question 73

What are 3 types of rocks?

Answer 73

igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

Question 74

Which type of rocks form from molten rock?

Answer 74

igneous

Question 75

Which types of rock are formed from clasts, precipitation, or compressed once living matter?

Answer 75

sedimentary

Question 76

Which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reactions?

Answer 76

metamorphic

Question 77

What can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock?

Answer 77

minerals