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Physical Science > ch 26 > Flashcards

ch 26 Flashcards

1
Q

a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystaline form

A

mineral

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2
Q

the color of a mineral in powder form

A

streak

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3
Q

mineral breaks along preferred planes creating smooth paralelle sides

A

cleavage

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4
Q

minerals that break irregularly

A

fracture

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5
Q

minerals resistance to scratch

A

hardness

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6
Q

molten rock matierial inside earth

A

magma

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7
Q

A mineral is

A

naturally occurring, inorganic solid, crystaline form

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8
Q

What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth’s crust?

A

silicon and oxygen

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9
Q

What does inorganic mean?

A

material that is non living

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10
Q

What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?

A

The way it breaks, how hard it is, type of crystal shape it has

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11
Q

What are all the ways to identify minerals?

A

streak, luster, cleavage, fracture, hardness, crystal shape, atomic arrangement

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12
Q

what are the two types of luster?

A

non metallic, metallic

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13
Q

How does metallic luster reflect light?

A

very easily, like a piece of metal (chrome)

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14
Q

How does non metallic luster reflect light?

A

like glass, earthy, waxy

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15
Q

how do you perform the streak test?

A

rubbing a mineral on an unglazed white porcelain tile

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16
Q

what are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?

A

cleavage or fracture

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17
Q

what is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?

A

moh’s scale of hardness

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18
Q

What is the hardness range of moh’s hardness scale?

A

1-10

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19
Q

how many different crystal shape systems are there?

A

6

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20
Q

minerals grow from the

A

inside out

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21
Q

what are the three ways minerals can form?

A

hot water, evaporation, molten rock

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22
Q

what are the two mineral groups?

A

silicates and non silicates

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23
Q

which mineral group is the most abundant in earths crust?

A

silicates

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24
Q

what elements are silicates made up of?

A

sillicon and oxygen

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25
Q

nonsilacates do not contain what element?

A

sillicon

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26
Q

what mineral is used to make glass?

A

quartz

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27
Q

Naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic glass

A

Rock

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28
Q

How are rocks identified?

A

composition and texture

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29
Q

What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?

A

size shape and arrangement of the rocks components

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30
Q

Where do intrusive igneous rocks form?

A

form in earths crust

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31
Q

What type of molten does intrusive igneous rock form from?

A

molten rock that cools and crystalizes underground

32
Q

what is the name of the series that illustrates stimultaneos crystallizationof sillicate minerals?

A

Bowen’s reaction theory’s

33
Q

What are the three types of magma?

A

Mafic, intermediate, felsic

34
Q

which magma type has a low sillica content?

A

basaltic

35
Q

Which magma type has a high sillica content?

A

rhyolitic

36
Q

Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz?(oceanic or continental)

A

continental crust

37
Q

Which type of crust has little to no quartz? (oceanic or continental)

A

continental or oceanic crust

38
Q

Which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained?

A

Intrusive

39
Q

Which type of igneous rock has fine grained texture?

A

Extrusive

40
Q

Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?

A

quickly

41
Q

What are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock?

A

Pumice and scoria

42
Q

Which texture is the types with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?

A

holey textures

43
Q

Which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates?

A

porphyritic

44
Q

What type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture?

A

Pumice

45
Q

Define clasts

A

small rock and mineral fragments

46
Q

What types of erosion are rocks on earth’s surface exposed to?

A

wind, water, and other forces

47
Q

What does it mean if clasts are being transported?

A

They are being moved from one place to another

48
Q

What does it mean if clasts are being deposited?

A

It is when the clasts stopped being carried by the wind or water

49
Q

Define pore space

A

The empty space between grains

50
Q

Define compaction

A

clasts stick together due to the weight of overlying material

51
Q

Define cementation

A

minerals percipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystallizes in the spaces between clasts

52
Q

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

A

they are formed by using both compaction and cementation

53
Q

What is another name for clasts?

A

detritus

54
Q

what are sedimentary that are mostly made of clasts?

A

detrital sedimentary rock

55
Q

What is decreasing size of clasts?

A

gravel, sand, silt, and clay

56
Q

Which clast size would be deposited first?

A

gravel

57
Q

What are four common detrital sedimentary rocks?

A

gravel, sand, silt, and clay

58
Q

How are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?

A

they form from water that had dissolved solids

59
Q

If sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called?

A

biochemical sedimentary rocks

60
Q

what are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks?

A

carbon and coal

61
Q

What are 3 types of sedimentary rock?

A

detrital, chemical, biochemical sedimentary rocks

62
Q

Metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which 3 things?

A

heat,pressure, and chemical reactions

63
Q

Which types of rocks can be changed by metamorphism?

A

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

64
Q

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas?

A

regional metamorphism

65
Q

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over small areas?

A

contact metamorphism

66
Q

When shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created?

A

slate

67
Q

What are the two types of metamorphic rock textures?

A

foliated and non-foliated

68
Q

Define foliated texture

A

ranged and has layers of bands

69
Q

define non-foliated texture

A

randomly organized

70
Q

Metamorphic rocks are are mainly classified based on which two things?

A

texture and composition

71
Q

Define rock cycle

A

The continual changing from one rock type to another

72
Q

Which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle?

A

igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

73
Q

What are 3 types of rocks?

A

igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

74
Q

Which type of rocks form from molten rock?

A

igneous

75
Q

Which types of rock are formed from clasts, precipitation, or compressed once living matter?

A

sedimentary

76
Q

Which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reactions?

A

metamorphic

77
Q

What can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock?

A

minerals

Physical Science (6 decks)

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