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Physical Science > Ch 28 > Flashcards

Ch 28 Flashcards

1
Q

a layer extending an average of 12 km above Earth’s surface

A

troposphere

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2
Q

occurs when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable

A

temperature inversion

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3
Q

certain gases in the atmosphere warm the planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation

A

greenhouse effect

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4
Q

How are the atmosphereic layers divided?

A

the difference between composition and temperature

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5
Q

what gas makes up the majority of the atmosphere?

A

nitrogen 78%

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6
Q

which gas makes up 21% of the atmosphere?

A

oxygen

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7
Q

What is the remaining 1% in the atmosphere made up of?

A

trace gases

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8
Q

What is the majority of that 1% ?

A

argon

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9
Q

Within the troposphere does temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

decreases

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10
Q

How many layers are there in the atmosphere?

A

5 layers

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11
Q

What are the names of the layers closest to earth’s surface going up?

A

troposhpere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

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12
Q

which layer is the ozone layer found in?

A

stratosphere

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13
Q

With in the stratosphere does temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

increases

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14
Q

with in the mesosphere does temperature increase or decrease?

A

The lower mesosphere decreases the higher mesosphere increases

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15
Q

Do the thermosphere and the exosphere impact weather?

A

no

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16
Q

Where does 100% of our solar radiation come from?

A

the sun

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17
Q

What percent of solar radiation is absorbed by earths surface?

A

50%

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18
Q

What percent of solar radiation is reflected off of earth’s surface?

A

5%

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19
Q

What percent of solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere?

A

20%

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20
Q

What percent of solar radiation is reflected by particles in the atmosphere?

A

25%

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21
Q

What are the 3 basic cloud types?

A

cirrus, cumulus, stratus

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22
Q

describe stratus clouds

A

layered sheet like clouds

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23
Q

describe cumulus clouds

A

puffy shape

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24
Q

describe cirrus clouds

A

wispy at high altitudes

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25
What is the process called where water leaves earth's surface and comes back down?
the water cycle
26
what are the names of each process of the water cycle?
Evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, run off, infiltration
27
a narrow band of fast-moving, high altitude air
jet stream
28
apparent effect of an object due to earths rotation
coriolis effect
29
a large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature through out
air mass
30
where air masses interact?
weather fronts
31
how many jet streams are there in the world?
4
32
How many pressure systems are there?
2
33
what is a low pressure system know as?
low(L)
34
which direction does a low rotate?
counter clockwise
35
What are some results of low pressure systems?
air rises. clouds form, creates precipitation
36
what is a high pressure system known as?
high(H)
37
which direction does a high pressure system rotate?
clockwise
38
what is a result of a high pressure system?
air sinks causing clear skies
39
what are the four weather fronts?
cold, warm, stationary, occluded
40
How are cold fronts created?
cold air forces warm air up in a fast and chaotic manner
41
How are cold fronts represented on a weather forecast?
blue triangles
42
How are warm fronts created?
warm air rises gently above cold air
43
How are warm fronts represented on a weather forecast?
red half circles
44
How are stationary fronts created?
cold and warm air masses meet and neither front advances
45
How are stationary fronts represented on the forecast?
alternating red half circles on top and blue triangles on bottom
46
How are occluded fronts created?
fast moving cold front overtakes a slow warm front
47
How are occluded fronts represented on a forecast?
purple half circles and triangles all facing upward
48
climate much modified by oceanic influences
Marimite climate
49
relatively dry climate with very hot summers and very cold winters
continental climate
50
breeze blowing toward the land from the sea
sea breeze
51
what is a climate?
long-term average of weather conditions
52
What are the five spheres that interact to create the environments we live in?
atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and lithosphere
53
what is the atmosphere consist of?
the air around us
54
what is the biosphere consist of?
everything organic
55
what is the hydrosphere consist of?
liquid water
56
what is the cryosphere consist of?
frozen water in snow, ice, and glaciers
57
what is the lithosphere consist of?
Earth’s outermost layer
58
What are the three factors that affect climate?
primarily latitude, intensity of solar radiation, winds, the proximity to the oceans and mountains
59
what factors determine climate?
temperature
60
what factors determine climate?
ocean and land
61
what factors determine climate?
percipitation
62
what factors determine climate?
mountains
63
what factors determine climate?
water
64
types of climates?
cold or boreal, arid and semi-arid and warm climates with adequate percipitation
65
a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere
global warming
66
trade winds in the pacific are unusually strong
La Nina
67
warming of the pacific ocean
El Nino
68
What are two changes that earths climate undergoes?
seasonal and long term
69
how do seasonal changes occur?
seasons happen by how earth revolves around the sun
70
which hemisphere experiences summer?
the hemisphere tilted towards the sun
71
are we closer to the sun during winter or further away?
further
72
what is the period of time called where most of earths surface is covered in ice?
Ice age
73
How long ago did the earths climate reach its current pattern?
3,000 years ago
74
What are some factors that can cause climate change?
a change in earths tilt a change in earths orbit distance from the sun
75
How can humans impact climate change?
energy consumption deforestation industrial practices agriculture practices
76
what is deforestation?
clearing of large areas of forests
77
a round three dimensional object
Sphere
78
elongated, closed curve with two foci
Ellipse
79
is earth a perfect sphere?
the diameter around the equator is further from pole to pole
80
What are some anctient observation prove that earth is a sphere
any object that falls falls straight down earths shadow on the moon is curved people don't see the same stars

Physical Science (6 decks)

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