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Physical Science > Ch 28 > Flashcards

Ch 28 Flashcards

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1
Q

a layer extending an average of 12 km above Earth’s surface

A

troposphere

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2
Q

occurs when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable

A

temperature inversion

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3
Q

certain gases in the atmosphere warm the planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation

A

greenhouse effect

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4
Q

How are the atmosphereic layers divided?

A

the difference between composition and temperature

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5
Q

what gas makes up the majority of the atmosphere?

A

nitrogen 78%

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6
Q

which gas makes up 21% of the atmosphere?

A

oxygen

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7
Q

What is the remaining 1% in the atmosphere made up of?

A

trace gases

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8
Q

What is the majority of that 1% ?

A

argon

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9
Q

Within the troposphere does temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

decreases

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10
Q

How many layers are there in the atmosphere?

A

5 layers

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11
Q

What are the names of the layers closest to earth’s surface going up?

A

troposhpere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

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12
Q

which layer is the ozone layer found in?

A

stratosphere

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13
Q

With in the stratosphere does temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

increases

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14
Q

with in the mesosphere does temperature increase or decrease?

A

The lower mesosphere decreases the higher mesosphere increases

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15
Q

Do the thermosphere and the exosphere impact weather?

A

no

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16
Q

Where does 100% of our solar radiation come from?

A

the sun

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17
Q

What percent of solar radiation is absorbed by earths surface?

A

50%

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18
Q

What percent of solar radiation is reflected off of earth’s surface?

A

5%

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19
Q

What percent of solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere?

A

20%

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20
Q

What percent of solar radiation is reflected by particles in the atmosphere?

A

25%

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21
Q

What are the 3 basic cloud types?

A

cirrus, cumulus, stratus

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22
Q

describe stratus clouds

A

layered sheet like clouds

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23
Q

describe cumulus clouds

A

puffy shape

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24
Q

describe cirrus clouds

A

wispy at high altitudes

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25
Q

What is the process called where water leaves earth’s surface and comes back down?

A

the water cycle

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26
Q

what are the names of each process of the water cycle?

A

Evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, run off, infiltration

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27
Q

a narrow band of fast-moving, high altitude air

A

jet stream

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28
Q

apparent effect of an object due to earths rotation

A

coriolis effect

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29
Q

a large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature through out

A

air mass

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30
Q

where air masses interact?

A

weather fronts

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31
Q

how many jet streams are there in the world?

A

4

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32
Q

How many pressure systems are there?

A

2

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33
Q

what is a low pressure system know as?

A

low(L)

34
Q

which direction does a low rotate?

A

counter clockwise

35
Q

What are some results of low pressure systems?

A

air rises. clouds form, creates precipitation

36
Q

what is a high pressure system known as?

A

high(H)

37
Q

which direction does a high pressure system rotate?

A

clockwise

38
Q

what is a result of a high pressure system?

A

air sinks causing clear skies

39
Q

what are the four weather fronts?

A

cold, warm, stationary, occluded

40
Q

How are cold fronts created?

A

cold air forces warm air up in a fast and chaotic manner

41
Q

How are cold fronts represented on a weather forecast?

A

blue triangles

42
Q

How are warm fronts created?

A

warm air rises gently above cold air

43
Q

How are warm fronts represented on a weather forecast?

A

red half circles

44
Q

How are stationary fronts created?

A

cold and warm air masses meet and neither front advances

45
Q

How are stationary fronts represented on the forecast?

A

alternating red half circles on top and blue triangles on bottom

46
Q

How are occluded fronts created?

A

fast moving cold front overtakes a slow warm front

47
Q

How are occluded fronts represented on a forecast?

A

purple half circles and triangles all facing upward

48
Q

climate much modified by oceanic influences

A

Marimite climate

49
Q

relatively dry climate with very hot summers and very cold winters

A

continental climate

50
Q

breeze blowing toward the land from the sea

A

sea breeze

51
Q

what is a climate?

A

long-term average of weather conditions

52
Q

What are the five spheres that interact to create the environments we live in?

A

atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and lithosphere

53
Q

what is the atmosphere consist of?

A

the air around us

54
Q

what is the biosphere consist of?

A

everything organic

55
Q

what is the hydrosphere consist of?

A

liquid water

56
Q

what is the cryosphere consist of?

A

frozen water in snow, ice, and glaciers

57
Q

what is the lithosphere consist of?

A

Earth’s outermost layer

58
Q

What are the three factors that affect climate?

A

primarily latitude, intensity of solar radiation, winds, the proximity to the oceans and mountains

59
Q

what factors determine climate?

A

temperature

60
Q

what factors determine climate?

A

ocean and land

61
Q

what factors determine climate?

A

percipitation

62
Q

what factors determine climate?

A

mountains

63
Q

what factors determine climate?

A

water

64
Q

types of climates?

A

cold or boreal, arid and semi-arid and warm climates with adequate percipitation

65
Q

a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth’s atmosphere

A

global warming

66
Q

trade winds in the pacific are unusually strong

A

La Nina

67
Q

warming of the pacific ocean

A

El Nino

68
Q

What are two changes that earths climate undergoes?

A

seasonal and long term

69
Q

how do seasonal changes occur?

A

seasons happen by how earth revolves around the sun

70
Q

which hemisphere experiences summer?

A

the hemisphere tilted towards the sun

71
Q

are we closer to the sun during winter or further away?

A

further

72
Q

what is the period of time called where most of earths surface is covered in ice?

A

Ice age

73
Q

How long ago did the earths climate reach its current pattern?

A

3,000 years ago

74
Q

What are some factors that can cause climate change?

A

a change in earths tilt
a change in earths orbit
distance from the sun

75
Q

How can humans impact climate change?

A

energy consumption
deforestation
industrial practices
agriculture practices

76
Q

what is deforestation?

A

clearing of large areas of forests

77
Q

a round three dimensional object

A

Sphere

78
Q

elongated, closed curve with two foci

A

Ellipse

79
Q

is earth a perfect sphere?

A

the diameter around the equator is further from pole to pole

80
Q

What are some anctient observation prove that earth is a sphere

A

any object that falls falls straight down
earths shadow on the moon is curved
people don’t see the same stars

Physical Science (6 decks)

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