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Biology LC > Ch22 Fungi > Flashcards

Ch22 Fungi Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the study of fungi called?

A

Mycology

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2
Q

State 4 features of fungi.

A

Heterotrophic

Multicellular

Made up of HYPHAE (which combine to form MYCELLIUM)

Walls contain CHITIN

Reproduce by SPORES

Eukaryotic

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of nutrition used by fungi?

A

Parasitic, saprophytic, symbiotic

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4
Q

DEFINE parasitic fungi and give example

A

Obtain food from live hosts
Eg., Athlete’s Foot or Downy Mildew

(Obligate or facultative (kill host))

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5
Q

DEFINE saprophytic fungi and give an example.

A

Obtain nutrients from dead material.
Eg., Mushrooms, mould

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6
Q

Why are saprophytic fungi important to the environment?

A

They play a vital role in nutrient recycling and are responsible for decay.

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7
Q

DEFINE symbiotic fungi and give an example.

A

Both parties benefit from relationship.
Eg., Lichen (on trees)

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8
Q

Give an example of an edible fungi.

A

Field mushrooms, truffles

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9
Q

Give an example of a poisonous fungi.

A

Deathcap, Destroying Angel

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10
Q

What is the name given to bread mould?

A

Rhizopus

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11
Q

Draw the structure of Rhizopus (or name its parts)

A

Sporangium
Columella
Apophysis
Sporangiospore
Stolon
Hyphae
Rhizoids
Mycelium
Spores

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12
Q

What is the function of the stolon?

A

Allow rhizopus to spread

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13
Q

What is the function of the columella?

A

Feeds spores

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14
Q

What is the function of the rhizoids?

A

Provide extra surface area

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15
Q

Describe the process of asexual reproduction in Rhizopus.

A
  • Cells in sporangium divide by mitosis to produce spores
  • Each spore has a haploid nucleus
  • Hyphae called sporangiophores grow from substrate
  • Each spore grows into a new hypha and mycelium if it lands on suitable substrate
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16
Q

Describe the process of sexual reproduction in Rhizopus.

A
  • Hyphae from opposite strains grow close together
  • Swellings form on both and touch each other
  • Nuclei from both hyphae move into swellings and form PROGAMETANGIA.
  • Crosswalls form to produce GAMETANGIA, (held up by
    suspensors)
  • Walls of gametangia dissolve
  • Fertilisations produce diploid zygote nuclei
  • Tough walled ZYGOSPORE forms and will germinate by MEIOSIS in suitable conditions.
  • Haploid hypha grows and forms sporangium at the tip.
  • Sporangium bursts, releasing haploid spores.
17
Q

Draw the structure of yeast/name it’s parts

A

Cell wall (chitin)
Vacuole
Food vacuoles
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

18
Q

Is yeast multicellular or unicellular?

A

Unicellular

19
Q

What is sexual reproduction in yeast called?

A

Budding

20
Q

Describe the process of sexual reproduction in yeast.

A
  • Bud swelling forms on cell
  • Nucleus divides by mitosis, moves into bud
  • Bud pinches off and separates from original cell
  • Bud grows to full size.

(diagram is like a fucked up snowman)

21
Q

DEFINE asepsis

A

Measures taken to remove unwanted microorganisms

Eg., wearing a lab coat, washing hands, wiping down work surface

22
Q

DEFINE sterility/sterile

A

The complete absence of microbes / all microorganisms are destroyed
Eg., passing forceps & inoculating loop through flame

23
Q

DEFINE nutrient medium. Which is used for growing leaf yeast?

A

Liquid or jelly material containing nutrients to allow microorganisms to grow

Malt agar

24
Q

DIFFERENTIATE between inoculation and incubation.

A

Inoculation is the addition of cells to a nutrient medium.

Incubation is the growing of microbes in a warm environment (25°C)

25
Q

Describe leaf yeast on agar.

A

Circular, pink colonies

26
Q

How do you dispose of the plates?

A

Soak in disinfectant for 24 hours.

27
Q

State some benefits of fungi.

A
  • Used to make antibiotics
  • Food source
  • Used to make bread and alcohol
28
Q

State some harmful effects of fungi.

A
  • Hard to differentiate between poisonous and edible fungi
  • Athletes Foot, Ringworm
  • Food spoilage

Biology LC (35 decks)

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