Ch22 Fungi Flashcards
What is the study of fungi called?
Mycology
State 4 features of fungi.
Heterotrophic
Multicellular
Made up of HYPHAE (which combine to form MYCELLIUM)
Walls contain CHITIN
Reproduce by SPORES
Eukaryotic
What are the 3 types of nutrition used by fungi?
Parasitic, saprophytic, symbiotic
DEFINE parasitic fungi and give example
Obtain food from live hosts
Eg., Athlete’s Foot or Downy Mildew
(Obligate or facultative (kill host))
DEFINE saprophytic fungi and give an example.
Obtain nutrients from dead material.
Eg., Mushrooms, mould
Why are saprophytic fungi important to the environment?
They play a vital role in nutrient recycling and are responsible for decay.
DEFINE symbiotic fungi and give an example.
Both parties benefit from relationship.
Eg., Lichen (on trees)
Give an example of an edible fungi.
Field mushrooms, truffles
Give an example of a poisonous fungi.
Deathcap, Destroying Angel
What is the name given to bread mould?
Rhizopus
Draw the structure of Rhizopus (or name its parts)
Sporangium
Columella
Apophysis
Sporangiospore
Stolon
Hyphae
Rhizoids
Mycelium
Spores
What is the function of the stolon?
Allow rhizopus to spread
What is the function of the columella?
Feeds spores
What is the function of the rhizoids?
Provide extra surface area
Describe the process of asexual reproduction in Rhizopus.
- Cells in sporangium divide by mitosis to produce spores
- Each spore has a haploid nucleus
- Hyphae called sporangiophores grow from substrate
- Each spore grows into a new hypha and mycelium if it lands on suitable substrate
Describe the process of sexual reproduction in Rhizopus.
- Hyphae from opposite strains grow close together
- Swellings form on both and touch each other
- Nuclei from both hyphae move into swellings and form PROGAMETANGIA.
- Crosswalls form to produce GAMETANGIA, (held up by
suspensors) - Walls of gametangia dissolve
- Fertilisations produce diploid zygote nuclei
- Tough walled ZYGOSPORE forms and will germinate by MEIOSIS in suitable conditions.
- Haploid hypha grows and forms sporangium at the tip.
- Sporangium bursts, releasing haploid spores.
Draw the structure of yeast/name it’s parts
Cell wall (chitin)
Vacuole
Food vacuoles
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Is yeast multicellular or unicellular?
Unicellular
What is sexual reproduction in yeast called?
Budding
Describe the process of sexual reproduction in yeast.
- Bud swelling forms on cell
- Nucleus divides by mitosis, moves into bud
- Bud pinches off and separates from original cell
- Bud grows to full size.
(diagram is like a fucked up snowman)
DEFINE asepsis
Measures taken to remove unwanted microorganisms
Eg., wearing a lab coat, washing hands, wiping down work surface
DEFINE sterility/sterile
The complete absence of microbes / all microorganisms are destroyed
Eg., passing forceps & inoculating loop through flame
DEFINE nutrient medium. Which is used for growing leaf yeast?
Liquid or jelly material containing nutrients to allow microorganisms to grow
Malt agar
DIFFERENTIATE between inoculation and incubation.
Inoculation is the addition of cells to a nutrient medium.
Incubation is the growing of microbes in a warm environment (25°C)
Describe leaf yeast on agar.
Circular, pink colonies
How do you dispose of the plates?
Soak in disinfectant for 24 hours.
State some benefits of fungi.
- Used to make antibiotics
- Food source
- Used to make bread and alcohol
State some harmful effects of fungi.
- Hard to differentiate between poisonous and edible fungi
- Athletes Foot, Ringworm
- Food spoilage
