Ch19 Genetic Engineering

Question 1

DEFINE genetic engineering

Answer 1

The simple addition, deletion or manipulation of a single trait in an organism to create a desired change.

Question 2

Name the stages of genetic engineering.

Answer 2

Isolation, Cutting, Insertion Transformation, Expression

Question 3

DESCRIBE Isolation

Answer 3

Genetic probe reveals position of gene in donor or plasmid DNA in bacteria, and it is isolated

Question 4

DESCRIBE Cutting

Answer 4

Restriction enzymes cut the DNA at restriction sites

Question 5

DESCRIBE insertion

Answer 5

Also known as ligation
DNA ligase used to rejoin cut fragments of DNA based on base pairing

Question 6

DESCRIBE Transformation

Answer 6

Recombinant DNA is introduced into bacterial cell

Question 7

DESCRIBE Expression

Answer 7

Getting the organism with recombinant DNA to reproduce the desired protein.
When protein is produced, large amounts of it are isolated and purified.

Question 8

Give an example of an application of GE in ANIMALS.

Answer 8

Sheep can grow human blood clotting factors to treat haemophilia.

Goats produce a protein to treat emphysema

Question 9

Give an example of an application of GE in PLANTS.

Answer 9

Weed-killer resistant crops, to allow farmers to use weed-killer without harming crops.

Infusing vitamin A in rice.

Question 10

Give an example of an application of GE in MICROORGANISMS.

Answer 10

Bacteria can be used to produce human insulin.