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Repro2 MT > CH22 2nd > Flashcards

CH22 2nd Flashcards

1
Q

What are the morph’s of cVIN and VINs? What are the morphs of BW and KSCC?

A

CVIN: white or raised pigmented lesions, epi thickening, HPV-16
VINs: basal atypia only (no HPV)
Basaloid: nests, no cell maturation, necrosis
Warty: exophytic, papillary architecture, atypia
KSCC: nests and tongues, keratin pearls, malignant epi

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2
Q

What dx process is associated w/ Bowen Syndrome?

A

Classic VIN (cVIN)

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3
Q

What stimulates cVIN and VINs progression?

A

CVIN: HPV-16
VINs: TP53 + pt w/ h/o leukoplakias

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4
Q

Where do glandular neoplastic lesions of the vulva rise from?

A

Modified apocrine sweat glands also seen in he breast

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5
Q

What are the glandular neoplastic lesions of the vulva?

A

Hidradenoma

Extramammary Paget dx

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6
Q

What do Paget cell stains target?

A

Mucopolysaccharides

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7
Q

Is extramammary Paget dx associated w/ CA?

A

NO

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8
Q

Is primary CA of the vagina very rare? What is it? Is it associated w/ HPV?

A

YES

SCC of the vagina

YES, high risk

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9
Q

What’s another name for Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma?

A

Sarcoma Botryoides

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10
Q

What is lactobacilli associated w/? What is lactobacilli’s morph?

A

Cervicitis

G+ rod

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11
Q

What in the cervix has fibromyxomatous stroma covered in endocervical glands?

A

Endocervical polyps

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of cervical carcinoma?

A

Squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine

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13
Q

What does CSIL stand for?

A

Cervical squamous intra-epi lesion

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14
Q

What is the HPV associated w/ cervical carcinoma?

A

HPV-16

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15
Q

What is stained for in HSIL to confirm diagnosis?

A

P-16 and Ki-67

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16
Q

What’s the staging for cervical carcinoma?

A

Stage 0: CIS (CINIII + HSIL)
Stage 1: carcinoma confined to cervix
Stage 2: carcinoma extends beyond cervix but NOT to pelvic wall or lower third of vagina
Stage 3: carcinoma extends to pelvic wall and lower third of vagina
Stage 4: distant metastases

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17
Q

What type of tissue is seen in the different cervical carcinomas?

A 
SCC = keratinizing squamous epi
Adenocarcinoma = glandular epi w/ mucin-depletion
Neuroendocrine = looks like lung CA
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18
Q

What dx of the Uterus and Endometrium involves an under-dev vagina and uterus? What else is involved?

A

Mayer-RKH syndrome

Kidneys can be abnormally formed or positioned, hearing loss, heart defect, 46, XX

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19
Q

In the anovulatory cycle, what are the hormone levels likely to be?

A

Inc estrogen

No progesterone (d/t no ovulation and thus no corpus luteum)

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20
Q

What a striking characteristic of the Inadequate luteal phase dx?

A

Endometrial development over the course of a cycle lags behind where it should be

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21
Q

What’s a striking feature of chronic endometritis?

A

Presence of plasma cells

22
Q

red/blue/yellow/brown, think of?

A

Endometriosis

23
Q

Increased gland:stroma ratio, think of?

A

Endometrial hyperplasia

24
Q

What mutation is associated w/ Cowdren syndrome (endometrial carcinoma)?

A

PTEN

25
Q

What CA deals w/ T1 vs T2?

A

Endometrial carcinoma

26
Q

What is associated w/ Lynch syndrome?

A

Endometrial carcinoma T1 (DNA mis-match repair HNPCC)

27
Q

What has a broad based polypoid growth and may respond to estrogen?

A

Adenosarcoma of the endometrial stroma

28
Q

What are the tumors of the endometrail myometrium?

A

Leiomyomas (fibroids)

Leiomyosarcomas

29
Q

What’s associated w/ MED12?

A

Tumors of the myometrium

30
Q

What are the attributes of a fibroid?

A 
Nickname - leiomyoma, tumor of myometrium 
Small to large
Benign smooth m neoplasm
Whorled pattern of smooth m
MED 12, HMGIC (12) and HMGIY (6)
No CA risk
31
Q

Where do paratubular cysts arise from?

A

Mullerian/paramesonephric remnants

32
Q

What does leutinization mean?

A

Increased amounts of pale cytoplasm

33
Q

Acanthosis nigricans is associated w/ what dx?

A

Stromal hyperthecosis of the ovaries

34
Q

What percentage of ovarian tumors are benign?

A

80%

35
Q

What is psuedomyxoma peritonei associated w/? What is it?

A

Mucinous epithelial tumors of the ovary

Mucinous ascites, adhesions, metastases

36
Q

What is the third class of Ovarian Germ Cell Teratomas?

A

Monodermal

37
Q

If a tumor of the ovaries is described as “rapidly-growing”, what might it be?

A

Yolk sac tumor (especially if inc a-fetoprotein is involved)

38
Q

Which germ cell ovarian CA has a placental origin? What does it excrete?

A

Choriocarcinoma

Chorionic gonadotropins

39
Q

What are the most common malignant ovarian tumors?

A

Serous carcinoma
Dysgerminoma
Granulosa Cell tumor

40
Q

What are Call-Exner bodies?

A

Small gland-like structures w/ acidophilic material

41
Q

What’s Stein-Levanthal syndrome associated w/?

A

PCOS

42
Q

What dxs can present w/ ascites?

A

Mucinous epi tumor of the ovary

Fibromas/Thecomas/Fibrothecomas (sex cord tumors of the ovaries)

43
Q

Where is the most common location of an ectopic pregnancy? What is the most common predisposing condition of an ectopic pregnancy? Do ovums develop normally where they rest? What does a tubal pregnancy cause? What can it lead to? What lab is performed to help diagnose? When might a pt present w/ these sorts of sxs?

A 
Fallopian tube
PID (causes intra-tubal scarring)
Yes
Hematosalpinx
Intraperitoneal hemorrhage d/t fallopian tube wall rupture
HCG titer (human chorionic gonadotropin)
6-8 weeks after last menstrual period
44
Q

What situation can produce twin-twin transfusion syndrome?

A

Monochorionic twin pregnancy, one baby receives too much and the other too little

45
Q

Placental previa vs placental accreta. What inc accreta risk?

A

Previa: placental implants in lower uterine segment or cervix > bleeding in 3rd trimester > cesarean section

Accreta: failed placental separation from myometrium at birth > bleeded post-partum

H/o placenta previa and cesarean sections

46
Q

Placental infection most likely?

A

Bacterial

47
Q

What does preeclampsia present as? Eclampsia?

A

HTN, edema, proteinuria

More severe form, illness w/ convulsions > HELLP

48
Q

What does HELLP stand for?

A

Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets

49
Q

Does anti-HTN medication work in preeclampsia?

A

No, only delivery txs the sxs

50
Q

Difference between invasive mole and choriocarcinoma?

A

Invasive moles encompass the entire uterus making it larger, choriocarcinomas are more focal lesions and arise d/t spotting/brown fluid coming from the vagina

51
Q

Chemo of choriocarcinoma leads to what?

A

WONDERFUL prognosis (nearly 100% remission)

52
Q

What does PSTT (placental site trophoblastic tumor) have that choriocarcinomas don’t?

A

Polygonal mononuclear cells w/ abundant cytoplasm that produce human placental lactogen

Repro2 MT (7 decks)

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