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American History > Ch2 - The Thirteen Original Colonies > Flashcards

Ch2 - The Thirteen Original Colonies Flashcards

0
Q

William Tyndale

A

Gave England first printed English bible

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1
Q

John Wycliffe

A

Had entire bible translated into English for the first time, called morning star if the reformation

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2
Q

Henry VIII

A

Broke English ties with Catholic Church

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3
Q

Magna Carta

A

First established a form of limited representative government

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4
Q

Year magna Carta was signed

A

1215

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5
Q

John Cabot

A

Italian navigator who sailed for England and discovered Newfoundland

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6
Q

Sir Martin Frobisher

A

Sent by Queen Elizabeth to find northwest passage

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7
Q

Sir Francis drake

A

First Englishman to sail around world

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8
Q

Dissenters

A

Those who opposed the official English church

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9
Q

Two largest groups of dissenters

A

Catholics and puritans

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10
Q

Separatists

A

Puritans who formed their own churches

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11
Q

Divine right of kings

A

The absolute monarchy is the only form of government sanctioned by god and rulers receive absolute power from him

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12
Q

Inflation

A

When the price of goods rises steadily

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13
Q

Enclosure movement

A

Landholders evicting farmers or forcing them to raise sheep

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14
Q

Sir Humphrey Gilbert

A

First Englishman to try to colonize America

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15
Q

John White

A

Went with a party of over 100 settlers to settle in Roanoke

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16
Q

Joint stock company

A

Several businessmen invested stock in a single company to start a colonizing venture

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17
Q

Two companies granted charters to settle virginia

A

London company and Plymouth company

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18
Q

Problems of Jamestown settlement

A

1) malaria in low-lying land
2) contaminated river water
3) colonists unwilling to work

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19
Q

Common-store system

A

Jamestown’s communal system of dividing everyone’s profits among the town

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20
Q

Starving time

A

Jamestowns name for winter of 1609-1610

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21
Q

John Rolfe

A

Married Pocahontas and taught Virginian colonists to grow tobacco

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22
Q

Indentured servant

A

One whose passage to the Americas was paid for by a colonist and in return served that colonist for a set period of time

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23
Q

Year slave trade started in North America

A

1619

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24
Q

Precedents

A

Happenings that serve as examples to be followed in our future

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25
Q

Year house of burgesses started

A

1619

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26
Q

Bacons rebellion

A

Nathaniel bacon led a volunteer militia against Indians against governors wishes and burned Jamestown to the ground

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27
Q

Private enterprise

A

Individuals are free to make a loving and prosper on their own initiative

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28
Q

Council for New England

A

The new name for the Plymouth Company

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29
Q

James I

A

Opposed religious freedom because he thought those who questioned his religious authority were also questioning his political authority

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30
Q

Pilgrims

A

Separatists who fled England for holland then went on to the new world

31
Q

Sir Edwin Sandys

A

English Puritan nobleman who helped pilgrims secure a permission for the pilgrims to settle in Virginia

32
Q

The Speedwell

A

The pilgrims’ first ship

33
Q

Strangers

A

Non-separatists on the mayflower

34
Q

Mayflower compact

A

Pilgrims document to establish a civil body politic

35
Q

Year pilgrims landed in New Plymouth

36
Q

William Brewster

A

Pilgrims’ pastor

37
Q

History of Plymouth plantation

A

The first American history book

38
Q

General court

A

The pilgrims’ democratic legislative body

39
Q

Miles Standish

A

Commander in chief of the pilgrims’ military defense force

40
Q

John Alden

A

Held various political offices in pilgrim colony

41
Q

Charles I

A

Vowed to rule without parliament

42
Q

Massachusetts bay company

A

Joint stock company composed mostly of Puritan businessmen

43
Q

Puritan work ethic

A

The belief that work is a gift from god and a means if glorifying him

44
Q

Yankee

A

Descendant of early New England Puritan, hardworking and industrious

45
Q

John Winthrop

A

Governor of Massachusetts bay colony

46
Q

1630

A

Year in which 700 colonists set sail for Massachusetts bay

47
Q

Great migration

A

A wave if puritans into the new world fleeing religious persecution in 1633

48
Q

Congregational

A

When a church governs itself

49
Q

Thomas hooker

A

Led his congregation to settle Connecticut

50
Q

Fundamental orders of Connecticut

A

The first written constitution in America

51
Q

Roger Williams

A

Congregationalist who was banished from Massachusetts and went on to found Rhode Island

52
Q

New England Confederation

A

First voluntary American union

53
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A

A woman banished from Massachusetts for contradicting Puritan leaders’ teachings

54
Q

Sir Edmund Andros

A

Appointed by King James II to govern the dominion of New England

55
Q

Proprietary colonies

A

Colonies based on land grants from King to individual owners

56
Q

George Calvert

A

First lord Baltimore, founded Maryland but died before charter was issued

57
Q

Cecilius Calvert

A

Second lord Baltimore, carried out project of colonization of Maryland

58
Q

Leonard Calvert

A

Brother of Cecilius, became Maryland’s first governor

59
Q

Toleration act

A

Passed in 1649, granted religious freedom to all Christians in Maryland

60
Q

Charles Town

A

Charleston, established in south of Carolina by colonists if various nationalities and faiths

61
Q

Henry Hudson

A

Explored Hudson and Delaware River valleys for Dutch east India company

62
Q

Petr Minuit

A

Purchased manhattan island for Dutch east India company

63
Q

New Netherlands

A

Fort orange (Albany), new Amsterdam (New York), and other Dutch settlements along Hudson and Delaware rivers

64
Q

Fort Christina

A

Swedish fort in Delaware, first successful settlement in Delaware

65
Q

Patroons

A

An individual granted a tract of land by Dutch East India company who brought 50 settlers to his land and had extensive control over them

66
Q

Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley

A

Two noblemen given the land of New Jersey by King James II

67
Q

Quakers

A

Faced persecution in England and the colonies

68
Q

William Penn

A

Quaker who founded Pennsylvania

69
Q

Largest city in colonies

A

Philadelphia

70
Q

James Oglethorpe

A

Founded Georgia as a place for debtors to work off debts and prosper

71
Q

Peter Stuyvesant

A

Governor of New Netherland who did not want to give up land to England

72
Q

New Sweden

A

The area of Delaware settled by Swedes

73
Q

Albemarle sound

A

Where North Carolinians settled

74
Q

Pennsylvania Dutch

A

German settlers in Pennsylvania

American History (9 decks)

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