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American History > Ch1 - Discovery and Exploration > Flashcards

Ch1 - Discovery and Exploration Flashcards

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0
Q

Iroquois league of five nations

A

Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, and Cayuga tribes allied together for mutual defense

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1
Q

Leif Ericson

A

A Viking adventurer who landed in North America in 1000

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2
Q

Iroquois name for the league of five nations

A

The tree of peace

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3
Q

Most advanced civilizations in the Western Hemisphere

A

Mayas and Aztecs of Mexico, Incas of Peru

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4
Q

Feudalism

A

A social system that centered on the ownership and use of land. Lords owned large tracts of land called manors and lent them in small plots to serfs, who farmed the land and shared their produce with the lord.

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5
Q

Crusades

A

A series of wars between 1000-1300 AD fought to drive Muslims from the Holy Land and reconsider it for the Christian nations

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6
Q

Reconquista

A

A crusade to drive the Moors from Granada, Spain, which had come under Muslim control; the only successful Crusade

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7
Q

Moors

A

Muslims from North Africa

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8
Q

Nationalism

A

Taking pride in ones homeland

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9
Q

Renaissance

A

Revival of learning, sparked curiosity about the world and inspired new ideas and inventions

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10
Q

Advances in navigation from renaissance

A

More accurate maps, improved rudders, astrolabe, compass

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11
Q

Most important renaissance invention

A

Movable type printing press

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12
Q

The first book Gutenberg printed

A

The bible

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13
Q

Martin Luther

A

Monk who began Protestant reformation

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14
Q

Luther’s revolutionary paper

A

Ninety-five Theses

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15
Q

John Calvin

A

A later Protestant reformer whose teachings influenced future North American colonists

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16
Q

Calvin’s followers

A

Huguenots (France), Dutch Reformed (Holland), Presbyterians (Scotland), Puritans (England)

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17
Q

Prince Henry the navigator

A

Portuguese prince who founded a navigation school in the mid-1400s

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18
Q

Caravel

A

A ship designed to sail against the wind

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19
Q

Vasco de Gama

A

Explorer who sailed all the war around the tip if Africa to India

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20
Q

Bartholomew Dias

A

Explorer who sailed to the Cape of Good Hope at the tip if Africa

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21
Q

Columbus’ 3 ships

A

Niña, Pinta, Santa Maria

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22
Q

Year Columbus discovered America

A

1492

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23
Q

Columbus’ first landing spot

A

The Bahamas, or Columbus’ name San Salvador

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24
Q

The first man to realize that Columbus had discovered a new continent

A

America Vespucci

25
Q

Line of demarcation

A

The imaginary line dividing newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal, drawn by pope Alexander VI

26
Q

Pedro Cabral

A

A Portuguese explorer who claimed Brazil for Portugal

27
Q

San Salvador

A

Columbus’s name for the Bahamas, means Holy Savior

28
Q

Ponce de León

A

Conqueror and governor of Puerto Rico, searched for fountain of youth but instead made first Spanish landing in North America

29
Q

Vasco de Balboa

A

Discovered the Pacific Ocean

30
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

Crew completed the first voyage around the world (he died in Philippines)

31
Q

Hernando Cortés

A

Conquered the Aztecs of New Mexico

32
Q

Montezuma

A

Chieftain of the Aztecs in Cortés’ day

33
Q

Tenochtitlán

A

Aztec capital city

34
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

Conquered the Incas of Peru

35
Q

Cabeza de Vaca

A

Discovered Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico

36
Q

Francisco Coronado

A

Explored southwestern United States and discovered Grand Canyon

37
Q

Hernando de Soto

A

Explored southeastern United States and discovered Mississippi River

38
Q

Juan Cabrillo

A

Explored coast of California

39
Q

St. Augustine

A

First permanent European settlement in the present-day United States

40
Q

Presidio

A

Small fort

41
Q

Encomiendas

A

Large estates granted to Spanish colonists by the king of Spain

42
Q

El camino real

A

Oldest road in United States, runs between Santa Fe NM and Chihuahua Mexico

43
Q

Santa Fe

A

Capital of Spanish settlement in American southwest

44
Q

San Diego

A

First European settlement in California

45
Q

Queen Elizabeth

A

English Queen who fueled rivalry with Spain

46
Q

Sir John Hawkins

A

English pirate who smuggled English goods into Spanish American colonies

47
Q

Sir Francis Drake

A

Attacked and looted ships traveling from the new world to Spain

48
Q

The invincible armada

A

A Spanish fleet of 130 ships and 30,000 men assembled by King Philip to invade England

49
Q

Northwest passage

A

A supposed water route through North America to the Pacific

50
Q

Giovanni de Verrazano

A

Explored the eastern coast of North America for France from North Carolina to Nova Scotia

51
Q

Jacques Cartier

A

Discovered St. Lawrence River

52
Q

Charlesfort and fort Caroline

A

Settlements established by French Huguenots that ultimately failed

53
Q

Quebec

A

First permanent French settlement in North America

54
Q

Samuel de Champlain

A

Founded Quebec

55
Q

Jacques Marquette

A

Jesuit missionary who led expedition down Mississippi River with Louis Joliet

56
Q

Louis Joliet

A

Fur trader led expedition down Mississippi River with Jacques Marquette

57
Q

Robert Cavelier de la Salle

A

Claimed entire Mississippi valley for France and named Louisiana

58
Q

New France

A

Canada, the Great Lakes region, and the Mississippi valley

59
Q

One of the only Indian tribes who did not side with the French

A

The Iroquois

60
Q

Jean Baptiste Pointe du Sable

A

A black French trader and trapper, best known African-Frenchman in New France

61
Q

New Orleans

A

Best known city if French heritage in America

American History (9 decks)

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