Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANESTHESIA : Hall > CH2 RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY AND CRITICAL CARE > Flashcards

CH2 RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY AND CRITICAL CARE Flashcards

1
Q

Nitroprusside can cause

A

inc methemoglobin&raquo_space; SaO2 of 85 percent

cyanide toxicity&raquo_space; metabolic acidosis

thiocyanate toxicity&raquo_space; renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

FRC

A

ERV+RV

maximizing FRC REDUCED ATELECTASIS AND Lessend incidence of pulmonary complication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

HOW TO INCREASE FRC post op

A

Early ambulatiin
incentive spirometry
deep breathing
intermittent positive pressure breathing

FRC should be greater than CC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Normal PVR

A

50 -150 dyne-sec/cm5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pt who sustained MI and underwent surgery most likely have another infarction when?

A

Third postoperative day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

BMI

A

kg/m2

18-24.9 normal
25.29.9 overweight
30-34.5 obesity
35-39.9 obesity 2 
superine bmi 50
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

OBESITY:
CO ?
FRC?

A

0.1L/min / kg adipose
htn> cardiomegaky
Left sided heart failure

FRc decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

total volume of air that can be exhaled in the first second

A

FEV1
For expiratory volume in 1 min

normal:
75-85 % FVC / second
94% - 2 seconds
97% - e seconds

FEV1/FVC-= 0.75
< 70 - mild obstruction
< 60 - moderate
< 50 severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MAT is a nonreentrant ectopic atrial rhythm and seen in pt with!??

A

COPD

NOT amend ale for cardioverasio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

during the first minutes of apnea, PaCO2 will increase by

A

6mmHg/min

then 3-4mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

complication of TPN

A

hypergly
hypoglycemia
hypophosphatemia
hyperchloremi metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

O2 requirement in
adult?
newborn?

A

adult: 3-4ml/kg/min

newborn :7-9ml/kg/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CO2 production is increased in neonates Va maintains the PaCO2 near __mmHg

A

38-40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

LUNG VOLUMES AND CAPACITY

A 
TV 500ml ( 6-8ml/kg) 
FRC 2400ml 
VC 4500 (60-70ml/kg) 
TLC 5900ml
FEV1 80%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

volume gas in the conducting airways is called

A

anatomic dead space

no gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Volume of gas in the ventilated alveoli that are unperfused

A

functional dead space

no exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

physiologic dead space is

A

anatomic dead space + functional dead space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How to calculate for the oxygen.m content in the blood

A

1.39 x hgb x arterial saturation + (0.003 x PaO2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

inhalation of CO2 increased MV by

A

3-5ml/min /mmHg increas in PaCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

blood /gas solubiloty coefficient of O2

A

0.003

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

one gram of hgb can bind ____ml of O2

A

1.39

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

one kPa = cmH20

A

10cmH20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

is the Pa02 requiired to produce 50% saturation of hemoglobin

A

P50

24
Q

P50 of adult is

A

25mmHg

25
Q

transpulmonary pressure x VT

A

work of breathing

work required to overcome the elastic forces and to overckme airflow or frictinal resistances in the airway

26
Q

normal mixed venous 02 saturation is?

A

75%

27
Q

mixed venous O2 saturation can be affected by:

A 
Dec :
hgb conc
arterial PaCO2 
CO 
O2 consumption

Increase:
sepsis

28
Q

carbon monoxide affinity to hgb is

A

200 times greater then O2

PaO2 is normal o no inc in MV until tissue hypoxia»lactic acidosis

29
Q

Respo acidosis is present when the PaCO2 exceeda

A

44mmHg

30
Q

an acute increase in PaCO2 of 10 mmHG will result in a decrease inph of

A

0.08 ph unit

31
Q

maximum decrease of HCO3 approx per change in PaCO2

A

5meq/L for ever 10mmHg dec in PaCO2 less the 40

32
Q

P50 < 26mmHg

A

leftward shift

hemoglobin has a higher affinity

inc ph
dec temp
fetal hemoglobin
abnormal hgb 
carboxyhemoglobin
methemoglobin
sulfhemoglobin 
dec 2,3 DPG
33
Q

P50>26

A

right ward shift

hemoglobin has a lower affinity to O2

respi acidosis 
inc temp
inc 23 DPG
preg
sickle cell
thalassemia
34
Q

IN ELDERLY :

respiratory changes

A

INCREASE:
FRC
RV
CV

DECREASE
VC
MBC
FEV1
ventilatory response to hypoxemia

NO CHANGE
TLC

35
Q

the ventilation/perfusion ratio is greater at the apex or base?

A

greater at the apex than the base

base= hypoxic and hypercarbic

36
Q

least well compensated acid-base disturbance

A

METABOLIC ALKALOSIS

37
Q

when arterial sampling is not possible. where to get “arterialized “venous blood

A

back of the hand

estimate abg

38
Q

what test used to asses ventilatory capacity ?

A

FEV1/FVC
MVV
Flow volume curve
FED 25%-75% ( not patients effort dependent)

39
Q

fraction of CO that transverses the pulmonary circulation without participating in gas exchange is called

A

TRANSPULMONARY SHUNT

40
Q

TRANSPULMONARY SHUNt:

for every increase of alveolar arterial o2 oh 20mmHg there is increase in shunt fraction by how much

A

1%

41
Q

anatomic dead space ?

A

2ml/kg

trachea
right and left mainstem bronchi
lobar and segmental bronchi

42
Q

in the resting adult , what percentage of total body O2 consumption is due to the work of breathing?

A

only 1-3% of total O2 consumption is used at rest

50% for pulmonary disease

43
Q

3 main mechanisms that body has to prevent changes in PH

A

buffer system - immediate

ventilatory response- takes minutes

renal response- hours to day

44
Q

HCO3

A

represents greater than 50% of the total buffering capacity of the body

45
Q

35% of buffering capacity of the

A

capacity of blood
phosphates
plasma proteins and bone

46
Q

plasma K increases approx ___ for each 0.1decrease in Ph

A

0.6

dysrhythmias is related partly to the effects of PH on myocardial K homeostasis

47
Q

Acid base disturbance

A

10meq HCO3 = 0.15ph
1mmHg PaCO2 = 0.08 ph
1mmHg PaCo2 dec-= 1meq HCO3

48
Q

volatile anesthetics inc P50 by

A

2-3.5mmHg

right shift
dec transfer of oxygen alveoli to hgb and improve the release O2 from hgb to peripheral tissues

49
Q

Carbon monoxide toxicity treatment

A

half life : 4-6 hrs at room air

100 percent o2 half life is 1hr

50
Q

PRIS

A

> 4mg/kg/hr x >48hrs

cardiomyopathy
cardiac failure
metab acidosis
skeletal muscle myopathy 
hepatomegaly
hyperkalemia
51
Q

normal anion gap

A

10-12

52
Q

high anion gap :

A 
metabolic acidosis
lactic acidosis 
ketoacidosis
acute and chronic renal failure 
toxins
53
Q

non anion gap

A 
renal tubular acidosis
expansion acidosis
gastrointestinal bicarbonate loss
drug induced hyperkalemia
acid loads
54
Q

adverse physiologic effect od respi or metabolic acidosis

A 
CNS DEPRESSION
inc icp
CVS depression
cardiac dysrrhythmias
vasodilation
hypovolemia
pulmo htn
hyperkakemia
55
Q

TRALI

KEY FEATURES

A

Rise A-a gradient
noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
leukopenia

56
Q

Physiologic shunt?

CO?

A

2-5% CO

ANESTHESIA : Hall (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions