Ch2 : highlighted notes Flashcards
S: 5
complements are syn in the ___
liver
compliments are used during ___ immunity
specific
___ enzyme activates the cascade of C2-C9 (classical pathway)
C1 esterase
___ enzyme regulates the classical pathway of specific immunity
C1 esterase inhibitor
complements for toxin neutralization
C1-4
Compliment for opsonization
C3b
complement for anaphylaxis
C3a,C4a, C5a
complement for neutrophil chemotaxis
C5a
complement for cell lysis when membrane is attacked
C5b, C6-9
cc: ____ deficiency causes angioedema
C1 esterase inhibitor
cc: ____: deficiency leads to sepsis
C3
cc: ____: deficiency lead to susceptibility to infection of STDs
C5b to C8
MCH antigens are genetically determined by ___
chromosome 6
Which regions (3) on chromosome 6 determines class 1 specific antigens
Region A,B, C
Which region on chromosome 6 determines class II specific antigens
region D
Class 1 MHC are located on the surface of all :_____
nucleated somatic cells
Class II MHC is located on surface of ____ cells
antigen presenting cells (APC)
cc: HLA-B27 = ______
Class ___ MHC
ankylosing spondylitis (class I MHC)
cc: HLA-DR3= \_\_\_ class \_\_\_ MHC
SLE
Class II MHC
cc: HLA-BR4= ____
Class ___ MHC
RA
Class II MHC
Name the 3 types of hypersensitivity that are mediated by Ig
type 1
type 2
type 3
Immediate (anaphylactic) rxn is type ___ hypersensitivity
Name Ig involved
type 1 : IgE
cytotoxic rxn is type ___ hypersensitivity
Name Ig involved
Type II: IgG or IgM
Immune complex sx is type ___ hypersensitivity
Name Ig involved
Type III: IgG or IgM
What type of hypersensitivity is mediated by T-cells
Type IV
delayed or cell-mediated is type ___ hypersensitivity
Name cell involved
type IV: T-cells and macrophages
Type __ mechanism:
1st exposure–> produces IgE–> binds to mast cells
2nd exposure–> cross links of fixed IgE–> leads to degranulation and release of histamine/ serotonin–> edema
Type I anaphylaxis or allergy
type ___ mechanism:
antigen attached cell membrane –> IgG r IgM attaches to antigen ny Fab region –> complement gets fixed to Fc region = cell lysis
Type II hypersensitivity
an antigen will attach to what portion of a Ig
Fab
a complement or receptor site attached to what portion of an Ig
Fc
type ___ mechanism:
Ag reacts with Ab–> immune complexes activate C5a–> attracts neutrophils –> release lysosome –> tiss damage
Type III
cc: serum sickness is a type __- hyersensivity
Type III
cc: Auto-immune dx’s are type ___ hypersensivity
type III
cc: TB test is a type ___ hypersensntivity
type IV
Type ___ mechanism:
T-cells recognize the specific antigen → activate CD4& macrophages → release cytokines → activates CD8 → cause tiss damage
type IV
____: new antigen that develops at the cell surface of a new tumor
Tumor Associated antigens (TAA)
cc: carcinoembryonic antigen (CAE)
alpha fetoprotein (AFP)
AI occur due to the breakdown of the mech. that maintains ____
auto-tolerance
a decr. in CD__ cells can cause a AI
CD8 (suppressors and cytolytic )
cc______: Ab IgM formed against IgG as antigen
RA
type III
cc ______: Ab against M-protein of streptococci cross-react with heart M sarcolemma
Rheumatic fever
cc ____: Autoantibodies against anything with nuclear (DNA)
SLE
Cause: vasculitis, arthritis, and acute glomerulonephritis
cc____: predisposition to bact. infection (M) w/ HLA-B27
Reiter’s sx
cc_____: Antibodies against Ach receptors of neuromuscular jxn = M weakness
myasthenia gravis
cc_____: Autoantibodies to RBC surface = cell lysis
hemolytic anemia
cc__:Autoantibodies to the gastric parietal cells (intrinsic factor) → vit B12 deficiency
pernicious anemia
cc_____: Autoantibodies to TSH receptors on the surface of follicular cells
hyperthyroidism
cc___: Autoantibodies to thyroglobulin
thyroiditis (hashimoto’s)
cc: _____: Defect on 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches→ defect development of thymus and parathyroid glands → less mature T cells and hypocalcemia
thymic aplasia (diGeorge’s sx)
cc_____: T cell deficiency to candida albicans (fungi) → infection
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
cc____: x-linked recessive (boys) → low levels of all Ig→ pyogenic bact. Infection 6-9 mo. After birth
Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia
cc___: resurrent sinus, respiratory and intestinal infections
selective Ig Deficiency
cc____: : defect in bone marrow → failure of T & B cells to become immunocompetent = recurrent infection
combo T & B cell dificienies
cc______ T and B deficient dx has a triad of:
- recurrent pyogenic bact. Infection
- bleeding
- eczema
Wiskott- aldrick sx
cc___: Ataxia and telangiectasia
ataxia - telanglectasia
CC____: Failure of neutrophil lysosomes to empty their contents into the organism → recurrent pyogenic infection
Chediak-Higashi sx
cc___: Lack of NADPH oxidase enzyme req. to produce H2O2 to kill org’s→ recurrent pyogenic infection
Chronic granulomatous dx (CGD)
cc_____: Reduced helper (CD4) T-lymphocytes→ bc of a virus
AIDS
most common cause of death in AIDS
pneumocystic jiroveci carinii
