ch 3: hightlighted notes - Basic Features of Bacteria

Question 1

Describe the inner and outer layers of gram + bact. cells

Answer 1

Inner layer: lots of peptidoglycan

Outer layer: teichoic acid

Question 2

Describe the inner and outer layers of gram(-) bact. cells

Answer 2

Inner layer: thin layer of peptidoglycan
Outer: lipoplysaccharides
Highly toxic
Surface antigen
Periplasm: space btw the two
layers- contains hydrolytic
enzymes

Question 3

____: the space btw the inner and outer layer that contains hydrolytic enzymes in a gram (-) bact’s cell wall

Answer 3

Periplasm

Question 4

_____: invagination of cell membrane, for cell division

Answer 4

mesosome

Question 5

_____L Contain RNA & protein → site of antibiotic action

Answer 5

ribosome

Question 6

What a plasmids in bact. cells

Answer 6

fxn to contain genetic info –> extra chromosomal double stranded DNA

Question 7

____ test : adds a known antisera to an organism – if it causes swelling of the capsule it is a (+) test

Answer 7

Quellung Rxn

Question 8

____: logn hip-like process for motility

Answer 8

flagella

spirochetes move without a flagella

Question 9

fxn of pilli

Answer 9

for attachment to a host cell or sex cell

Question 10

_____: is a structure to protect against phagocytosis, used as an antigen in certain vaccines

Answer 10

capsule

Question 11

__: stores the nutrients in a bact. cell

Answer 11

cytoplasmic granules

Question 12

Bact multiply by ___ fission

Answer 12

binary

Question 13

name and describe the 4 phases of binary fission cycle of bact.

Answer 13

1. lag phase: No cell division
2. log phase : cell divide rapidly
3. Stationary phase: slow growth w/ drop in nutrient supply to the cell
4. Death phase: decr in number of viable bact.

Question 14

_____: organism capable of causing dx

Answer 14

pathogen

Question 15

_____: org that rarely cause dx→ causes dx in immune-suppressed pt .

Usually from bodies ______

Answer 15

opportunitistic pathogen

from: normal bacterial flora

Question 16

_____:Org that live on dead organic matter

Answer 16

saprophytic

Question 17

____: the number of organisms required to cause dx

Answer 17

virulence

Question 18

What are two virulence factors

Answer 18

pilli - allow adherence

capsule: protects

Question 19

___: constantly present at low levels in specific pop’s

Answer 19

endemic

Question 20

_____: org’s conti to grow w/o sx in host (hidden source of infection )

Answer 20

chronic carrier

Question 21

(3) enzymes that allow bact. to spread to subcutaneous tiss

Answer 21

collagenase
hyaluronidase
fibrinolysin

(streptococcus pyogenes)

Question 22

___ enzyme promotes deposition of fibrin clots –> blood coagulation–> protect the org. from phagocytosis

Answer 22

coagulase

staph. aurens

Question 23

bact. can cause degrade of IgA→ allows the organism to adhere to mm with ___ enzyme

Answer 23

IgA protease

Question 24

_____ bacteria enzyme that destroys neutrophils ad macrophages

Answer 24

leukocdins