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EKG > CH2 Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

CH2 Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Circulation

A

Transporting blood to and from the body

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2
Q

What is recorded on the ECG strip?

A

Electrical activity of the heart

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3
Q

Pericardium

A

2 layered sac of tissue enclosing the heart

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4
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner layer of the heart that lines the chambers and valves.

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5
Q

Myocardium

A

Middle, thickest muscular layer, responsible for heart contractions

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6
Q

Epicardium

A

Aka visceral epicardium
Outside, thin layer of the heart that contains the coronary arteries

Inner layer of the pericardium

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7
Q

Interatrial septum

A

A wall of tissue that separates the left and right atria of the heart

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8
Q

Interventricular septum

A

A wall that divides the right and left ventricles

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9
Q

List the Semilunar valves

A

Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve

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10
Q

List the Atrioventricular valves

A

Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve (mitral)

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11
Q

Route of deoxygenated blood to the lungs

A

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid Valve (atrioventricular)
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary valve (semilunar)
Pulmonary artery
Lungs

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12
Q

Route of oxygenated blood from lungs to heart to body

A

Returns through Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Bicuspid/Mitral Valve(AV Vavle)
Left Ventricle
Aortic valve (semilunar)
Aorta
Body

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13
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Transportation of blood to and from the lungs

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14
Q

Systemic circulations

A

The pathways for pumping blood to and from the body

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15
Q

Coronary circulation

A

Thr circulation blood to and from heart muscle

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16
Q

Coronary Circulation pathway

A

Oxygenated blood in left Ventricle
Aortic Vavle
Aorta
Coronary Arteries (right and left)
Heart
Deoxygenated blood coronary veins
Coronary sinus
Emptied into right atrium

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17
Q

Stroke volume

A

Volume of blood ejected with each contraction

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18
Q

Estimated cardiac output is calculated by

A

CO = HR x SV
Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

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19
Q

Cardiac Cycle

A

The contraction and relaxation of the heart

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20
Q

Systole

A

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle
Blood pumped to lungs and systemic (body) circulation

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21
Q

Diastole

A

The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle where atria expand and refill

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22
Q

True or false:
Each complete lubb-dubb you hear is one beat of the heart

A

True

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23
Q

What creates the Lubb sound of the heart beat?

A

Contraction of ventricles
Closing of the AV Valves
- Tricuspid and Bicuspid Valve

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24
Q

What created the dubb sound in the heart beat?

A

Beginning of the diastolic phase
Closure of the Pulmonary and Aortic valves

25
Q

Unique qualities that control the beat of the heart and produce the electrical wave?

A

Automaticity, conductivity, contractility, and excitability/irritability

26
Q

Automaticity

A

The ability of the heart to initiate an electrical impulse without being stimulated by an independent source

27
Q

Conductivity

A

The ability of the heart cells to recieve and transmit an electrical impulse

28
Q

Are myocardial cells supposed to conduct electrical impulses?

A

Yes

29
Q

Contractility

A

The ability of the heart muscle cells to shorten in response to an electrical stimulus

30
Q

Exitabillity/Irritability

A

The ability of the heart muscle cells to respond to an impulse or stimulus

31
Q

Heartbeat is controlled by which nervous system

A

Autonomic Nervous System
ANS

32
Q

Sympathetic branch of ANS secretes what to increase heart rate and contractility?

A

Norepinephrine

33
Q

Parasympathetic branch of ANS secretes what to exert a depressant effect on the heart?

A

Acetylcholine

34
Q

What happens when there is a low concentration of potassium ions(hypokalemia)?

A

Heart rate decreases

35
Q

What happens if someone has hyperkalemia?

A

Abnormal heart rate

36
Q

What happens if somone has hypocalcemia?

A

Decrease in the force of the heart’s contractions

37
Q

What happens if someone has hypercalcemia?

A

Can increase the force of the hearts contractions

38
Q

Pathway of conduction in the heart

A

Siniatrial (SA) node
Atrioventricular (AV) Bundle
Right and Left Bundle Branches
- aka. Bundle of His
Purkinje fibers

39
Q

Pacemaker of the heart aka __

A

SA Node

40
Q

Atrial kick

A

Additional blood that goes into the ventricles before the heart contracts

41
Q

Inherent rate of SA node

A

60-100 times per min

42
Q

Inherent rate of AV Node

A

40-60 times per min

43
Q

Interent rate of purkinje fibers

A

20-40 times per min

44
Q

Polarization

A

State of cellular rest in which the inside is negatively charged and the outside is positively charged

45
Q

Depolarization

A

The electrical activation if the cells of the heart that initiates contraction of the heart muscle
(Inside becomes positive)

46
Q

Action potential

A

The change in the electrical potential of the heart muscle when it is stimulated

47
Q

Repolarization

A

The return of heart muscle cells to their resting electrical state, causing the heart muscles to relax

48
Q

Isoelectric line

A

The period when the electrical tracing of the ECG is at zero or a straight line, and no positive or negative deflections are seen
Aka. Baseline

49
Q

P wave

A

Small curve
Atrial depolarization with resulting atrial contraction

50
Q

QRS Complex

A

Ventricular depolarization and resulting ventricular contraction

Atrial repolarization occurs(not seen)

51
Q

T wave

A

Ventricular repolarization

52
Q

U wave

A

Repolarization of purkinje fibers
- not always seen
- may be seen in instances of Electrolyte imbalance

53
Q

PR interval

A

Beginning of atrial depolarization to beginning of ventricular depolarization

54
Q

QT Interval

A

Period of time from the start of ventricular depolarization to the end of ventricular depolarization

55
Q

ST Segment

A

Time between ventricular depolarization and the beginning of ventricular repolarization

56
Q

Normal ventricular depolarization time (QRS)

A

0.06 - 0.12 secs

57
Q

Ischemia

A

A sudden loss or reduction in blood supply to a region of the heart tissue
Partial or complete blockage

58
Q

Normal length of time for PR interval

A

0.12 - 0.20 secs

EKG (12 decks)

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