Ch1 Electrocariography Flashcards
CVD
Cardiovascular disease
Disease of heart and blood vessels
CAD
Coronary Heart Disease
Narrowing of the arteries of the heart, causing a reduction of blood flow
M.I.
Myocardial Infarction
A blockage of one or more of the coronary arteries causing lack of oxygen to the heart and death of the muscle tissue
Electrocardiograph
An instrument used to record the electrical activity of the heart
Who invented the 1st electrocardiograph?
Willem Eithoven
Who showed that electrical currents are produced during the beating of the human heart and can be recorded?
Dr. Augustus D. Waller
When should people get an ECG done annually?
After age 40
Code blue
Patient is unresponsive and needs assistance immediately
When can a 12-lead ECG be used?
Hospital setting, before surgeries, during an emergency,
Excersize electrocardiography is done to determine…
Is done to determine whether the heart gets adequate blood flow during stress or excersize
Holter monitor
Type of ambulatory moniter. Small box that is strapped to a patients waist, neck or shoulder to monitor the heart for 24-48 hours while the patient is at home
Event monitor
An ambulatory monitor, and is battery powered. Can be worn up to 30 days as patient performs daily activities
Defibrillator
A machine that produces and sends an electrical shock to the heart in an attempt to correct the electrical pattern
AED
Automatic External Defibrillator
Light weight portable device that recognizes abnormal rhythm and determination if the rhythm is considered a “shock able rhythm”
When is an AED used
Placed only on patients who are unresponsive to stimulation
C.P.R.
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Telemedicine
A monitoring system on which ECG tracking are communicated from a patient outside a medical facility to the physician via telephone or digital system
ECG technician
An individual who has the technical skills and knowledge to record an ECG and prepare it for the physician
ECG monitor (telemetry) technician
An individual who has the knowledge and skills to view and evaluate the electrical tracking of patients’ hearts on an oscilloscope and, when necessary, alert the appropriate healthcare professional to treat abnormalities
Cardiovascular technician
An individual who has advanced skills and can assist physicians with invasive cardiovascular diagnostic tests and procedures such as angioplasty or heart surgery
What happens if patient cannot read?
You need to explain the procedure to both the patient and a family member or the patient’s legal guardian or representative
patient then signs the form
What happens if the patient cannot write?
Explain the procedure to the patient with a witness present. Ask the patient to place an X on the form in the witness’s presence, and then have the witness sign
does informed consent require the patient to sign a consent form?
Yes
HAIs stand for
Healthcare-associated infections
Aka nosocomial infections
Standard Precautions definition
Include a combination of performing hand hygiene and wearing gloves when there is a possibility of exposure to blood and body fluids, nonintact skin, or mucous membranes
PPE
Personal Protective Equiment
Isolation Precautions
The 2nd level of steps taken to prevent the spread of infections; some examples include separating the infected patient from others and using PPE
Airborne precautions
For patients known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms transmitted by airborne droplets
Require special air handling, ventilation, HEPA, N95 respirators
Droplet Precautions
For patients known or suspected to be infected that can be transmitted through droplets, coughing, sneezing, or performance of procedures
Require mucous membrane protection.
Ex. Goggles and masks
Contact precautions
Require gloves and gowns for direct skin-to-skin contact or for contact with contaminated linen, equipment, etc
Cardiac output
The volume of the blood the heart pumps each minute
Normal bpm for adults
60-100 bpm
Normal respiration for an adult
12 - 20 breaths per minute
Hyperventilation
Excessive rate and depth of breathing
Dyspnea
Difficult or painful breathing
Tachypnea
Rapid breathing
Hyperpnea
Abnormally rapid, deep, or labored breathing
Rales
Crackling sounds of the lungs
May indicate fluid in the lungs
Can be heard in patients with pneumonia, congestive heart failure, and other conditions
List 3 types of noisy breathing that can indicate an abnormality
Rales, Ronchi, and Gurgling
Rhonci
Wheezing or snore like sounds that occur when the airways are narrowed or obstructed
Blood pressure
The force at which blood is pumped against the walls of the arteries
Measured in mmHg (millimeters in mercury)
Systolic blood pressure
When the ventricle of the heart contracts
(Top number)
Diastolic blood pressure
The pressure measured when the heart relaxed
Indicated the minimum amount of pressure exerted against the vessel walls at all times
(Bottom number)
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Essential hypertension
No identifiable cause and is sometimes referred as idiopathic
Secondary Hypertension
Occurs as a result of some other condition, such as kidney or heart disease
Hypotension
Low blood pressure
Tilt Table Test
A test to determine wheather a change in a patients BP or heart rate due to a change of position is causing symptoms of lightheadedness or fainting
