CH.2 C Flight Instruments Flashcards
Which instruments use static pressure?
airspeed indicator, altimeter, vertical speed indicator
airspeed indicator is the only instrument which uses pitot pressure
What is standard pressure at sea level?
29.92 in Hg & 15ºC (59ºF)
What is the standard lapse rate for each 1,000’ of altitude in temp and Hg (below 36,000’)?
the standard lapse rate is:
1.00 in Hg per 1,000’ and 2ºC per 1,000’
What are V-speeds?
The color-coded upper and lower limits of the arcs corresponding to specific airspeed limitations on the airspeed indicator
What is Va?
Maneuvering speed
The maximum speed at which you may apply FULL and ABRUPT control movement without causing structural damage
THIS CHANGES with aircraft weight
When can an aircraft stall?
At any altitude with an indicated airspeed in a specific configuration remains the same for a stall
What is pressure altitude?
The distance above the standard datum plane
What is density altitude?
Density altitude is pressure altitude corrected for nonstandr temperature
What is true altitude?
The actual height of an object above mean sea level (MSL)
What is absolute altitude?
The actual height of the AC above the earth’s surface (AGL)
What is indicated altitude
The altitude measured displayed on altimeter
What happens when flying from HIGH pressure area to LOW pressure without resetting altimeter?
True altitude will be LOWER than indicated on altimeter
What happens when flying from LOW pressure area to HIGH pressure without resetting altimeter?
True altitude will be HIGHER than indicated on altimeter
What does 1in Hg change equal in feet?
1,000’
If atmospheric temp is higher than standard what happens to true altitude?
True altitude will be higher than indicated when temps are hotter
What happens to true altitude if temp is lower than standard?
True altitude will be lower than indicated when temps are colder
TREND INFORMATION
The immediate indication of an increase/decrease in rate of climb/descent (VSI)
RATE INFORMATION
stabilized rate of change (VSI)
What instrument is affected by a blockage in the pitot tube? What is indicated?
airspeed indicator
climb = higher speed
decent = lower speed
What instruments are affected by a blockage in the static system? What is indicated?
Airspeed indicator - inaccurate
Altimeter - frozen
VSI - 0
Rigidity in Space
Principle that a wheel with a heavily weighted rim spun rapidly will remain in a fixed position in the plane in which it is spinning
Precession
The tilting or turning of a gyro in a response to pressure
Which instruments are gyroscopic instruments?
Attitude indicator, heading indicator and turn coordinator
What instruments are powered by vacuum system?
Attitude and heading indicators
What instrument is powered by an electrical system?
Turn coordinator
What does the turn coordinator indicate?
The turn direction and quality as well as the backup source of bank information in the event of attitude indicator failure
What does the attitude indicator show?
Depicts the position of AC in relation to true horizon (uses artificial horizon and miniature airplane)
When should you realign heading indicator and why?
Due to precession, the heading indicator needs to be aligned with magnetic compass. Must be in straight and level and unaccelerated flight with magnetic compass showing a steady indication
What happens if you accelerate in the northern hemisphere?
Magnetic compass will show a turn to the north
(ANDS) does not occur when flying directly N/S heading
What happens if you decelerate in the northern hemisphere?
The magnetic compass indicates a turn to the south
(ANDS) does not occur when flying directly N/S heading
What is turning error?
Causes the magnetic compass to lead or lad the actual magnetic heading of the airplane during turns
North heading turn to the left will initially indicate east heading
North heading turn to the right will initially indicate west heading
Pitot pressure is used by which flight instrument(s)?
airspeed indicator
What will the effect be on the airspeed indicator if the static system becomes clogged, but the pitot system remains unobstructed? why?
The altitude above the point where the static ports become clogged, the airspeed indicator will indicate slower than actual because the trapped static pressure is higher than normal for the altitude. At altitudes lower than the point where the static ports became clogged, the airspeed will indicate faster than actual since the trapped static pressure is lower than normal for that altitude
What type of movement is depicted by the attitude indicator, but not the turn coordinator?
Pitch
