Ch18 - Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards
Adrenergics are part of what CNS system?
Autonomic nervous system, sympathetic
Sympathetic system practices what kind of responses?
Fight/Flight
What kind of neurotransmitters do adrenergic receptors respond to?
Catecholamines: norepinephrine and epinephrine
Where are the alpha 1 receptors located?
Located on the post synaptic nerve
Where are the alpha 2 receptors located?
Located on pre synaptic cells
Tissue, muscle,organs, that the nerve stimulates
They control the release of neurotransmitters
Where are the beta 1 receptors located?
Post synaptic cells
Primarily in the heart
Where are the beta 2 receptors located?
Post synaptic cells
Primarily in smooth muscle, bronchioles, arterioles, visceral organs
What effects to beta 1 receptors have on the body?
Increase contraction
Increase heart rate
Increase conduction
Increase renin secretion
What effects do beta 2 receptors have on the body?
Bronchodilation
Decrease gi motility, decrease secretions, vasodilation( decrease b/p) , increase blood sugar
What do the dopaminergic receptors do to the body?
They only respond to catecholamine dopamine
Increase blood flow to brain, kidneys, viscera
Cholinergics are part of what CNS system?
Autonomic nervous system, Paraympathetic
Parasympathetic nervous system practices what kind of responses?
Rest/digest
What kind of neurotransmitters respond to cholinergic receptors?
Acetylcholine
What effects do muscarinic receptors have on the body?
Increase gi and bladder motility, increase secretions, constricts pupils, bronchoconstriction, decrease heart rate, contraction, and conduction
If a drug is blocking activation of a receptor it is called?
Antagonist
If a drug is activating a receptors binding it is called?
Agonist
What are sympathomimetics used for?
Mimicking the response of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine on receptors
If a patient has asthma or bronchitis what kind of drug would you be giving them?
Beta 2 drugs for bronchodilation
If a patient has nasal congestion what kind of drug would you give them?
Alpha 1 vasoconstriction of the nasal arterioles
If a patient has conjunctival congestion or glaucoma what kind of drug would you give them?
Alpha 1/ and or beta 2 vasoconstriction of eye arterioles, pupil dilation
What are some side effects of adrenergic agonists on the CNS?
Chest pain, heart palpitations, vasoconstriction, hypertension, dilation of pupils, decrease in reproductive, urinary contraction
What are the actions of alpha blockers? (Antagonist)
Interrupt stimulation of sympathetic nervous system (inhibit)
When alpha blockers interrupt stimulation what kind of effects on the body does that cause?
Arterial and venous dilation
Reduce b/p, lower heart rate
A patient has necrotic skin by the iv insertion, what do you give the patient to hopefully save the affected area?
Alpha 1 blocker, it will dilate blood vessels allowing more flow of blood to affected area
What kind of side effects could an alpha 1 blocker have?
Hypotension, increase fall risks
What effect do beta 1 blockers have on the body?
Slows heart rate, slows conduction, contractility
Define nonselective beta blockers.
Block both beta 1 and beta 2 drugs
What effects do beta 2 blockers have on the body?
Bronchoconstriction : narrows airways, shortness of breath
What kind of conditions would you give a beta blocker?
Angina- decreasing demand of heart to pump for oxygen
Myocardial infarction, hypertension, heart failure, dysthymia
What kind of side effects could beta blockers cause?
Bradycardia, hypotension, bronchoconstriction, hypoglycemia
What are the actions of a parasympathomimetic?
Mimic neurotransmitters acetylcholine (cholinergic agonist drug)
What effects can you expect from a cholinergic agonist drug?
Increase gi motility, construction of pupil, decrease heart rate, construction of bronchioles, increase muscle contraction
Direct acting cholinergic drugs do what?
Bind directly to cholinergic receptors
Usually treats glaucoma, drymouth, urinary retention
Indirect acting cholinergics do what?
Stimulate release of acetylcholine to bind to receptors and activate reaction
Usually treats myasthenia gravis, Alzheimer’s
What is the function of acetylcholinesterase?
Enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine
In the Alzheimer’s disease what is happening with the neurotransmitters ?
Levels of acetylcholine have decreased
What are the major side effects of cholinergic drugs? (SLUDGE)
Salivation Lacrimation Utinary Diarrhea GI cramps Emesis
Someone taking cholinergics should be cautious when?
Changing positions or moving..fall risk
What are the actions of an anti cholinergic drug? (Antagonist)
Opposite of SLUDGE
decrease salivation Decrease lacrimation Urinary retension Decrease diarrhea Decrease gi motility Decrease Emesis
What should you look for in a patient when giving them an anti cholinergic drug?
Hydration
Someone with Parkinson’s disease can expect what from receiving a anti cholinergic drug?
Decrease in muscle rigidity and tremors
