Ch14 - Respiratory System

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

The process of inhaling air into the lungs and exhaling air out of the lungs

Question 2

Functions of the respiratory system

Answer 2

Bring oxygen into the body
Eliminate carbon dioxide produced by the body

Question 3

Normal changes of aging in the respiratory system

Answer 3

Decreased lung strength
Decreased lung capacity
Decreased oxygen in blood
Weakened voice

Question 4

Rhinitis

Answer 4

Inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the nasal passages

Question 5

Sinusitis

Answer 5

Inflammation of the lining of the sinuses

Question 6

Asthma

Answer 6

A chronic inflammatory disease that causes difficulty breathing, coughing, and wheezing

Question 7

Treatments for rhinitis and sinusitis

Answer 7

Intranasal corticosteroids reduce inflammation
Intranasal or oral antihistamines (for allergies)
Intranasal saline moisturizes nasal passages
Intranasal or oral decongestants constrict blood vessels in the nose to reduce congestion
Leukotriene receptor antagonist reduces inflammation in the airways

Question 8

Treatments for asthma

Answer 8

Maintenance medications: inhaled corticosteroids, inhaled long-acting bronchodilators
Rescue medications for acute attacks: short-acting bronchodilators via metered-dose inhaler or nebulizer
Short course of oral corticosteroids may help with flare-ups

Question 9

Influenza

Answer 9

A respiratory illness caused by a virus, common in fall and winter

Question 10

Bronchitis

Answer 10

Irritation and inflammation of the lining of the bronchi, can be caused by influenza or cold viruses

Question 11

Pneumonia

Answer 11

A bacterial, viral, or fungal infection that causes acute inflammation in lung tissue, causing fever, chills, cough, green sputum, chest pain, and rapid pulse

Question 12

Treatments for influenza

Answer 12

Vaccinations can prevent infection
Antivirals can reduce severity of symptoms if taken early
Analgesis and decongestants can help manage symptoms

Question 13

Treatments for bronchitis

Answer 13

Analgesics and antipyretics can control headache and fever
Antitussive agents help control cough
Expectorants thin mucus in the lungs
Antibiotics are only prescribed when bacterial pneumonia is suspected

Question 14

Treatments for pneumonia

Answer 14

Antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection, depending on resident’s history of antibiotic use
Hospital-acquired pneumonia is treated with specific antibiotic agents

Question 15

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer 15

A chronic, progressive and incurable lung disease that causes difficulty breathing, weakness, and high risk for lung infections

Question 16

Emphysema

Answer 16

A chronic disease of the lungs that usually results from chronic bronchitis and cigarette smoking

Question 17

Treatments for COPD

Answer 17

Quitting smoking is first line of treatment
Oxygen therapy
Short-acting bronchodilators and long-acting bronchodilators both help resident breath more easily
Roflumilast reduces lung inflammation

Question 18

Pleurisy

Answer 18

A condition caused by inflammation of the pleura (thin layers of tissue that separate the lungs from the chest wall)

Question 19

Atelectasis

Answer 19

A condition in which a lung becomes blocked and unable to expand as it should

Question 20

Pulmonary embolism

Answer 20

A blood clot or other blockage found in the lung

Question 21

Treatments for pleurisy

Answer 21

Treatment for any underlying condition (infection, injury)
Analgesics (NSAIDs, acetaminophen)

Question 22

Treatments for atelectasis

Answer 22

Mucolytics break up excessive mucus in the lungs
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine
Oxygen

Question 23

Treatments for pulmonary embolism

Answer 23

Immediately: anticoagulants by injection or IV
Oral anticoagulants may prevent further clots

Question 24

Tuberculousis (TB)

Answer 24

A highly contagious lung disease that causes fatigue, loss of appetite, fever, coughing, shortness of breath

Question 25

Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)

Answer 25

Type of tuberculosis caused by an organism that is resistant to medication used to treat TB

Question 26

Resistant

Answer 26

A state in which drugs no longer work to kill specific bacteria

Question 27

Treatments for tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 27

Intensive phase: four antibiotics administered together for eight weeks
Continuation phase: two antibiotics continued for for months
Failure to complete course of antibiotics can result in a drug-resistant form of the disease