Ch11 - Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

How many bones in the human body?

Answer 1

206

Question 2

Purposes of the musculoskeletal system

Answer 2

Give structure to the body
Allow body to move
Protect organs
Produce blood cells (bone marrow)
Produce body heat (muscles)

Question 3

Osteoarthritis

Answer 3

Common type of arthritis that usually affects hips, knees, fingers, spine. Also called degenerative joint disease.

Question 4

Gout

Answer 4

Condition caused by the painful buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints

Question 5

Treatments for osteoarthritis

Answer 5

Analgesic medications to ease pain: OTC acetaminophen, prescription NSAIDs (oral or topical).
Topical analgesics are preferred due to fewer side effects
Opioid analgesics are last resort due to side effects.
Injections to affected joints: hyaluronic acid lubricates joints, corticosteroids reduce inflammation.

Question 6

Treatments for gout

Answer 6

Avoiding dietary triggers
Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation (oral or injections)
Analgesics to ease pain
Colchicine: anti-gout drug with narrow therapeutic index

Question 7

Osteoporosis

Answer 7

Condition in which bones become porous or brittle causing them to break easily

Question 8

Osteomyelitis

Answer 8

An infection of bone tissue

Question 9

Treatments for osteoporosis

Answer 9

Calcium and vitamin D supplements
Hormone therapy may strengthen bones and prevent bone loss
Bisphosphonates slow the reabsorption (breaking down) of bone tissue

Question 10

Bisphosphonates

Answer 10

Treatment for osteoporosis
Taken weekly or monthly
Should be taken first thing in the morning before food, drink or other drugs
Can cause irritation of esophagus
Drug names ending in -onate

Question 11

NSAIDs are contraindicated in residents with…

Answer 11

Heart failure, kidney failure, stomach ulcers, those taking anticoagulants

Question 12

Signs/symptoms of internal bleeding from NSAIDs

Answer 12

Black tarry stool
Nausea
Vomiting with “coffee grounds” appearance
Vomiting blood
Unexplained weight loss

Question 13

Treatments for osteomyelitis

Answer 13

Broad-spectrum antibiotic first
Culture may be performed to determine a more specific antibiotic
Treatment usually lasts 6 weeks

Question 14

Treatments for back pain

Answer 14

Can be similar to treatments for osteoarthritis (analgesics for pain management)
Muscle relaxants (side effects: sedation, low blood pressure)
Antidepressants may be prescribed for long-term debilitating pain