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Medication Aide Certification > Ch12 - Nervous System > Flashcards

Ch12 - Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Nerves that extend through the body

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3
Q

Functions of the nervous system

A

Control and message center of the body
Controls and coordinates all body functions
Senses information from outside the body

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4
Q

Normal changes of aging to the nervous system

A

Slower responses and reflexes
Decrease of sensitivity of nerve endings
Some memory loss (mainly short term)
Reduced vision and hearing
Decreased senses of taste, touch and smell

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5
Q

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

Condition that occurs when blood supply to a part of the brain is blocked or a blood vessel leaks or ruptures (also called stroke)

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6
Q

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

Warning sign of a CVA resulting from a temporary lack of oxygen in the brain. Symptoms are short term, up to 24 hours.

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7
Q

Epilepsy

A

Brain disorder caused by a disruption in normal electrical impulses in the brain, which caused repeated seizures

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8
Q

Treatments for CVA/TIA

A

Antiplatelet agents reduce platelet aggregation and prevent strokes
Statins lower cholesterol level and reduce stroke risk
Antihypertensives to lower blood pressure

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9
Q

Signs of a stroke

A

FAST:
Face - one side drooping
Arms - one arm numb or weak
Speech - slurred
Time - report any symptoms to nurse immediately

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10
Q

Signs of bleeding in residents taking antiplatelet agents

A

Bruising, pallor (paleness), bright red blood in vomit or stool, stomach cramps, black/tarry stool

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11
Q

Treatments for epilepsy

A

Antiepileptic drugs (anticonvulsants, antiseizure drugs) increase calming chemicals in brain or inhibit chemicals that excite the nervous system
Benzodiazepines are a class that include several antiepileptic drugs, but not all antiepileptic drugs are benzodiazepines

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12
Q

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

A progressive disease in which the myelin sheath on nerves breaks down over time. Causes problems with balance and walking along with other symptoms.

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13
Q

Myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

A condition in which impulses from the nerves are not transmitted properly to the musculoskeletal system. Causes muscle weakness.

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14
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

A progressive, incurable disease that causes a section of the brain to degenerate. Causes stiff muscles, stooped posture, shuffling gait, and tremors.

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15
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

A drop in blood pressure when standing up from a seated or lying position

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16
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

A progressive, incurable disease that causes tangled nerve fibers and protein deposits to form in the brain, eventually causing dementia

17
Q

Treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

Immunomodulatory agents regulate/normalize the immune system
Corticosteroids reduce nerve inflammation

18
Q

Treatments for myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors strengthen signals from nerves to muscles
Corticosteroids and immunosuppressants may also be used

19
Q

Treatments for Parkinson’s disease

A

Dopamine replacement agents increase a brain chemical related to body movement
Anticholinergic agents block a brain chemical related to involuntary muscle movements, can decrease tremors

20
Q

Treatments for Alzheimer’s disease

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors strengthen signals from nerves to muscles (transdermal form causes fewer GI side effects)
NMDA receptor antagonists reduce the chemical NMDA and can reduce symptoms

21
Q

Neuropathic pain

A

Pain caused by illness or damage to the nervous system, sometimes with tingling or numbness

22
Q

Chronic fatigue syndrome

A

Fatigue (tiredness) lasting at least six months

23
Q

Treatments for neuropathic pain

A

Local pain may be treated with a local numbing agent (lidocaine)
Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), a type of antidepressant drug, may relieve neuropathic pain
Opioids are a last resort

24
Q

Extrapyramidal symptoms

A

Symptoms sometimes caused by antipsychotic medications. Can include restlessness, irritation, eye spasms, twisting head, and protruding tongue.

25
Q

Treatments for anxiety

A

Anxiolytic drugs treat anxiety
SSRIs and SNRIs enhance chemicals in the brain that stabilize mood
Benzodiazepines enhance a calming brain chemical called GABA

26
Q

Treatments for major depressive disorder (clinical depression)

A

SSRIs and SNRIs can help stabilize mood and increase wellbeing
Tricyclic antidepressants are prescribed less often due to side effects

27
Q

Treatments for bipolar disorder

A

Mood stabilizers include lithium (has a narrow therapeutic index)
Second-generation antipsychotics block various brain chemicals

28
Q

Treatments for schizophrenia

A

First and second-generation antipsychotics

29
Q

Cataract

A

A condition in which cloudy spots develop in the lens of the eye, causing vision loss

30
Q

Glaucoma

A

A disease in which increased pressure inside the eye causes damage that often leads to vision loss and blindness

31
Q

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

A

A condition in which the macula (part of the retina at the back of the eye) gradually deteriorates, causing vision loss and problems such as the inability to recognize faces, drive, read and write

32
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the lining of the eyelid, often caused by bacteria, viruses, allergies, or objects/substances in eye. Also called pink eye.

33
Q

Acute otitis media

A

Infection of the middle ear

34
Q

Cerumen

A

Medical term for earwax

35
Q

Treatment for cataracts

A

Corrected with surgery
After surgery, NSAID eyedrops/ointment prevent inflammation

36
Q

Treatment for glaucoma

A

Prostaglandin analogs increase eye fluid outflow to decrease pressure in the eye (names ending in -prost)
Beta blockers reduce eye fluid production (names ending in -olol)
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors reduce eye fluid production
Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists reduce eye fluid production and increase outflow

37
Q

Treatments for conjunctivitis

A

Antibiotic eye drops or ointment kills the infecting bacteria

38
Q

Treatments for acute otitis media (ear infection)

A

May clear up on their own; analgesics can help relieve pain
Antibiotics are used if infection does not resolve on its own

39
Q

Treatments for cerumen buildup

A

Cerumenolytics soften earwax

Medication Aide Certification (6 decks)

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