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Anatomy: Exam 3 > Ch.14 Notes/HW questions > Flashcards

Ch.14 Notes/HW questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following brain structures consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain?

A

brain stem

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2
Q

Which of the following brain structures consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus?

A

diencephalon

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3
Q

Which portion of the ventricular system is located in the cerebral hemisphere?

A

lateral ventricle

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4
Q

The function of the cerebrospinal fluid consists of:

A
  • Maintains optimum ionic environment
  • Maintain pH homeostasis
  • Provide circulation for exchange of nutrients/wastes
  • server as a shock absorbing fluid system of spinal cord
  • provide buoyancy of the brain
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5
Q

Which region of the brain is separated by the third ventricle and project most sensory information to the cerebral cortex from the spinal cord and brain stem?

A

thalamus

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6
Q

Which functional area of the cerebrum is responsible for perception of touch, coldness, and warmth?

A

primary somatosensory area

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7
Q

Which statement best describes the location of the cerebellum?

A

posterior to brainstem and inferior to cerebrum

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8
Q

Which statement is false in reference to the cranial meninges?

A

Have four distinct layers

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9
Q

Which of the following is a function of the basal nuclei?

A

-control subconscious contraction of skeletal muscles
-influence attention, memory and planning
-help initiate and terminate movements
-assists in regulating emotional behaviors

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10
Q

Sensory cranial nerves carry impulses to ___; motor cranial nerves carry impulses to _____

A

the brain; effectors

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11
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in which structure?

A

choroid plexus

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12
Q

Which statement about the cerebellum is true?

A

The cerebellum evaluated how well movements initiated by motor areas are actually being carried out

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13
Q

A projection tract is one which:

A

consists of axons that conduct nerve impulses to or from the cerebrum

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14
Q

Subtle anatomical differenced between each hemisphere in the brain is called:

A

hemispheric lateralization

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15
Q

What substances can not pass through the blood brain barrier to enter the CSF?

A

protein

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16
Q

Which of the following is true about the meningeal layer?

A

it is the internal layer of the cranial dura mater

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17
Q

Which region of the brain contains the pontine respiratory group that helps control breathing?

A

pons

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18
Q

The term ‘decussation’ means:

A

crossing

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19
Q

Which component of the brain is referred to as the “emotional brain” as it plays primary role in a wide range of emotions?

A

limbic system

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20
Q

The hypothalamus:

A

-produces hormones
-plays a major role in regulating homeostasis, visceral activity and temperature
-regulated certain emotions like rage, sexual arousal, aggression, pain and pleasure
-regulates eating and drinking behavior

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21
Q

During brain development, the gyri of the cerebrum are formed because:

A

the gray matter grows faster than the underlying white matter

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22
Q

Which of the following conducts nerve impulses between the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

Commissural tracts

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23
Q

Which is not true about the reticular formation?

A

almost all ascending information synapses in it

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24
Q

Which statement is true regarding cranial nerves?

A

they are part of the peripheral nervous system

25
Q

An electroencephalogram measures brain waves primarily generated by:

A

neurons in the cerebral cortex

26
Q

What is the function and structural of the brain stem?

A

relays sensory and motor impulses between parts of the brain and spinal cord.
-medulla oblongata, midbrain and pons

27
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Regulated posture and balance, coordinated skilled muscular movement

28
Q

What is the function and structure of the diencephalon?

A

acts as a primary relay and processing center for sensory information and autonomic control
- thalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus, hypothalamus

29
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum?

A

Initiates and coordinated movements and regulates temperature

30
Q

What are the three types of protection?

A

Cranial bones, cranial meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid

31
Q

What are the two layers of the dura mater?

A

Periosteal layer (external) and meningeal layer (internal)

32
Q

What are the three extensions of the dura mater and their functions?

A
  1. The falx cerebri separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.
  2. The falx cerebelli separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum
  3. The tentorium cerebelli separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
33
Q

Why do the bbb important?

A

It allows certain substances in blood to enter brain tissue and prevents passage to others.

34
Q

What is the blood brain barrier?

A

Consists mainly of tight junctions that seal together the endothelial cells of brain blood capillaries and a thick basement membrane that surrounds the capillaries.

35
Q

What is the function of CSF?

A

-It is composed primarily of water that protects the brain and spinal cord from chemical and physical injuries.
- It carries small amounts of oxygen, glucose, and other needed chemicals from the blood to neurons and neuroglia

36
Q

How many ventricles are there?

A

6

37
Q

What do the lateral ventricles do?

A

They are separated by a thin membrane, the septum pellucidum

38
Q

What is the function of the third ventricle?

A

Narrow, sit-like cavity along the midline superior to the hypothalamus and between the right and left halves of the thalamus.

39
Q

What is the fourth ventricle?

A

Lies between the pons and medulla anteriorly and the cerebellum posteriorly

40
Q

What are the choroid plexuses?

A

networks of blood capillaries in the walls of the ventricles

41
Q

What structures produce the CSF?

A

Choroid plexuses

42
Q

What types of neuroglia in those structures make the CSF?

A

ependymal cells

43
Q

What structures connect the ventricles?

A

The 2 inter-ventricular foramen connect the lateral ventricles with the third ventricle. The body of the lateral ventricle is connected with the occipital and temporal horns by a wide area named the atrium.

44
Q

What are the three parts of the brainstem?

A

medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

45
Q

What is the function of the reticular formation?

A

It represents the archaic core of those pathways connecting the spinal cord and the encephalon. It subserves autonomic, motor, sensory, behavioral, cognitive, and mood-related functions.

46
Q

Where is the cerebellum located in the brain?

A

Inferior and posterior aspects of the cranial cavity

47
Q

What are the three structures that make up the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, sub thalamus

48
Q

Where in the diencephalon are the CVOs located?

A

They lie around the third ventricle

49
Q

What causes the gyri to form during embryonic development?

A

The gray matter of the cortex enlarges much faster than the deeper white matter

50
Q

What is a fissure?

A

A deep groove known as the transverse cerebral fissure

51
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

A broad band of white matter containing axons that extend between the cerebral hemispheres at the floor of the longitudinal cerebral fissure

52
Q

What are commissural tracts?

A

Contains axons that conduct nerve impulses from cerebral gyri in one cerebral hemisphere to corresponding cerebral gyri in the other cerebral hemisphere

53
Q

What are association tracts?

A

contains axons that conduct nerve impulses between cerebral gyri in the same hemisphere

54
Q

What are projection tracts?

A

Contains axons that contains nerve impulses from the cerebrum to lower parts of the CNS to the cerebrum

55
Q

Which hemisphere is more involved in numerical and scientific skills?

A

left hemisphere

56
Q

Which hemisphere is more involved in language skills?

A

left hemisphere

57
Q

Which hemisphere is more involved in muscle and artistic skills?

A

right hemisphere

58
Q

Which hemisphere is more involved in spatial and pattern perception skills?

A

right hemisphere

Anatomy: Exam 3 (10 decks)

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