CH12 Flashcards
emotions
a response of the whole organism, physiological arousal, expressive behaviours, and, conscious experience resulting from one’s interpretations
James-Lange theory
the theory that our experience of emotion occurs when we become aware of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus
Cannon-Bard theory
the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers
- physiological responses
- the subjective experience of emotions
two-factor theory
the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must
- be physically aroused and
- cognitively label the arousal
polygraphs
arousal detectors that measure emotion-linked changes in breathing, heart rate, and perspiration
facial feedback effect
the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness
behaviour feedback effect
the tendency of behaviour to influence our own and others’ thoughts, feelings and actions
catharis
in psychology, the idea that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges
postive psychology
the scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues tht help individuals and communities to thrive
subjective well-being
self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life.
Used along with measures of objective well-being (ex. physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life
feel-good, do-good phenomenon
people’s tendency to be helpful when in a good mood
adaptation-level phenomenon
our tendency to form judgements (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience
relative deprivation
the perception that we are wore off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves
stress
the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging
approach and avoidance motives
the drive to move toward (approach) or away from (avoid) a stimulus
general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phrases
- alarm
- resistance
- exhaustion
tend-and-befriend response
under stress. people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others
health psychology
a subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioural medicine
psychoneuroimmunology
the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect our immune system and resulting health
coronary heart disease
the clogging of vessels that nourish the heart muscle; a leading cause of death in many developed countries
type A
Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people
type B
Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people
cope
alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive or behavioural methods
problem-focused coping
attempting to alleviate stress directly - by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor
emotion-focused coping
attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction
personal control
our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless
learned helpessness
the hopelessness and passive resignation humans and other animals learn when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
external locus of control
the perception that outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate
internal locus of control
the perception that we control our own fate
self-control
the ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards
aerobic exercise
sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness: also helps alleviate depression and anxiety
mindfulness meditation
a reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner
