CH12

Question 1

emotions

Answer 1

a response of the whole organism, physiological arousal, expressive behaviours, and, conscious experience resulting from one’s interpretations

Question 2

James-Lange theory

Answer 2

the theory that our experience of emotion occurs when we become aware of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus

Question 3

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 3

the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers
- physiological responses
- the subjective experience of emotions

Question 4

two-factor theory

Answer 4

the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must
- be physically aroused and
- cognitively label the arousal

Question 5

polygraphs

Answer 5

arousal detectors that measure emotion-linked changes in breathing, heart rate, and perspiration

Question 6

facial feedback effect

Answer 6

the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness

Question 7

behaviour feedback effect

Answer 7

the tendency of behaviour to influence our own and others’ thoughts, feelings and actions

Question 8

catharis

Answer 8

in psychology, the idea that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges

Question 9

postive psychology

Answer 9

the scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues tht help individuals and communities to thrive

Question 10

subjective well-being

Answer 10

self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life.
Used along with measures of objective well-being (ex. physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life

Question 11

feel-good, do-good phenomenon

Answer 11

people’s tendency to be helpful when in a good mood

Question 12

adaptation-level phenomenon

Answer 12

our tendency to form judgements (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

Question 13

relative deprivation

Answer 13

the perception that we are wore off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves

Question 14

stress

Answer 14

the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging

Question 15

approach and avoidance motives

Answer 15

the drive to move toward (approach) or away from (avoid) a stimulus

Question 16

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Answer 16

Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phrases
- alarm
- resistance
- exhaustion

Question 17

tend-and-befriend response

Answer 17

under stress. people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others

Question 18

health psychology

Answer 18

a subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioural medicine

Question 19

psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 19

the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect our immune system and resulting health

Question 20

coronary heart disease

Answer 20

the clogging of vessels that nourish the heart muscle; a leading cause of death in many developed countries

Question 21

type A

Answer 21

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people

Question 22

type B

Answer 22

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people

Question 23

cope

Answer 23

alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive or behavioural methods

Question 24

problem-focused coping

Answer 24

attempting to alleviate stress directly - by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor

Question 24

emotion-focused coping

Answer 24

attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction

Question 25

personal control

Answer 25

our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless

Question 26

learned helpessness

Answer 26

the hopelessness and passive resignation humans and other animals learn when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

Question 27

external locus of control

Answer 27

the perception that outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate

Question 28

internal locus of control

Answer 28

the perception that we control our own fate

Question 29

self-control

Answer 29

the ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards

Question 30

aerobic exercise

Answer 30

sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness: also helps alleviate depression and anxiety

Question 31

mindfulness meditation

Answer 31

a reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner