Ch.11 - Self and Personality

Question 1

Children develop cognitive competence and vocabulary required to describe themselves at

Answer 1

19-30 months

Question 2

2 year olds display satisfaction at achieving

Answer 2

A challenging task

Question 3

By middle childhood, self-concept becomes more

Answer 3

Complex and organised; group identity over absolute terms

Question 4

By adolescence, self concept becomes more

Answer 4

Abstract

Question 5

False self-projection is commonly

Answer 5

Experimented with by adolescents

Question 6

False self-projections are less common in

Answer 6

Well supported adolescents

Question 7

Self esteem drops

Answer 7

Globally after late childhood

Question 8

Reasons for adolescent self esteem dropping includes

Answer 8

Body satisfaction, peer group changes, academic challenges

Question 9

Higher SE predicts

Answer 9

Better performance and vice versa

Question 10

An indication that infants have a self concept is

Answer 10

The chalky-nose test (sig at 15 months, 100% at 24 months)

Question 11

Adolescent egocentrism describes

Answer 11

An inability to separate self feelings from how others feel about them

Question 12

Erik Erikson proposed a theory of

Answer 12

Psychosocial development

Question 13

Identity diffusion is characterised by

Answer 13

Feelings of inertia, ‘moving through molasses’

Question 14

Identity diffusion is due to feeling like

Answer 14

‘They’re not quite somebody’

Question 15

Forming a reasonably coherent sense of self is a scaffolding with five steps:

Answer 15

1) trust vs mistrust, 2) autonomy, 3) exploration initiative, 4) sense of achievement, 5) adequate personal identity

Question 16

What are the four items in Marcia’s identity status model?

Answer 16

Achievement, foreclosure, moratorium, diffusion

Question 17

ID achievement is when people have

Answer 17

Explored alternatives, committed to a coherent and consistent ID

Question 18

ID moratorium is when people are

Answer 18

Actively exploring roles, haven’t committed

Question 19

ID foreclosure is when

Answer 19

ID is selected by an authority figure such as parents or Hitler Youth

Question 20

ID diffusion is when

Answer 20

People have not engaged in identity formation

Question 21

Psychodynamic theory holds three components of self:

Answer 21

Id, ego and superego

Question 22

Id is primarily driven to

Answer 22

Satisfy biological needs and impulses

Question 23

Ego is the

Answer 23

Rational diversion of impulses in order to meet needs

Question 24

Superego is the

Answer 24

Moral and ethical component of personality

Question 25

Freud believed that conflicts between the components of self lead to

Answer 25

Fixation; developmental blockage

Question 26

Social cognitive theory believes that learning occurs through

Answer 26

Observation; imitation and modeling (Bandura)

Question 27

What are the four conditions present for effective modeling?

Answer 27

Attention, retention, motor reproduction and motivation

Question 28

Many traits have been identified but there are five main categories of traits:

Answer 28

Neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experiences, agreeableness and conscientiousness

Question 29

What’s a good example of differences in culture that affect personality?

Answer 29

Individualists and collectivists

Question 30

The question is not ‘is’ there personality change in adulthood, but

Answer 30

‘Who’ changes and ‘what’ predicts that change?