CH.10 The IVC

Question 1

Normal measurement of
-IVC
-Common iliac veins
-right common iliac vein
-left common iliac vein

Answer 1

-2.5 cm
-1.6-1.8 cm in diameter
-5.5 com LONG
-7.5 cm LONG

IVC SHOULD NOT EXCEED 3.7 cm

Question 2

IVC is formed by

Answer 2

convergence of the common iliac veins,which empty lower extremities and pelvis

Question 3

Congenital variations of IVC

Answer 3

double IVC-IVC located on left side
Absence of certain portions of IVC,or a combo of these.

-Variations are attributable to complex embryonic development of the ivc.

Question 4

IVC tributaries that empty into the IVC as it courses superiorly and pierces diaphragm at the caval hiatus to enter right atrium of the heart.

Answer 4

renal veins, hepatic veins, lumbar veins and right gonadal vein

Question 5

IVC is posterior to

Answer 5

The intestines and body of the liver

Question 6

IVC located more posteriorly as it courses superiorly

Question 7

Hepatic section of IVC is located

Answer 7

posterior to liver

Question 8

Prerenal section of IVC is located

Answer 8

inferior to hepatic veins, slightly superior to renal veins

Question 9

Postrenal section of IVC is difficult to see because of

Answer 9

overlying bowel gas

Question 10

Right and left common iliac veins empty

Answer 10

lower extremities and pelvis at the level of the umbilicus

Question 11

Ascending lumbar venous channels are important because

Answer 11

If IVC becomes blocked they connect common iliac veins,iliolumbar veins and lumbar veins with azygos and hemiazygos veins of the thorax.

Question 12

Lumbar veins drain

Answer 12

posterior abdominal wall
-are 4 in number
-1st two join ascending lumbar veins and 3rd and 4th empty into ivc up to level of renal veins

Question 13

Ascending lumbar veins join subcostal vein to form

Answer 13

Azygos vein on right side and hemiazygos on the left.

Question 14

Iliolumbar veins anatomies with

Answer 14

common iliac veins.They course superiorly from region of iliac and poses muscle and 5th lumbar vertebra.

Question 15

right gonadal vein is located

Answer 15

parallel to ivc and empties into anterior lateral aspect of IVC.ri

Question 16

right renal vein sometimes assists right adrenal gland through the

Answer 16

right suprarenal vein

Question 17

Left renal vein is ______ than right renal vein

Answer 17

longer

Question 18

Left renal vein is located

Answer 18

posterior to a portion of splenic vein and pancreas tail and between aorta and SMA

-Has more tributaries than right renal.Ex.left gonadal vein and left suprarenal vein

Question 19

When right suprarenal vein does not empty into right renal vein, it empties_____

Answer 19

directly into IVC, superior to right renal vein

Question 20

Inferior phrenic veins

Answer 20

most superior branch of IVC,drains diapragm and empty into lateral aspect of ICV.

Question 21

Diameter of IVC increases during____ and decreases during___

Answer 21

Valsava maneuver (inspiration)
Expiration

Question 22

Asking patient to sniff will cause IVC to

Answer 22

momentarily collapse.

Question 23

Why are venous walls thinner?

Answer 23

Because their tunica media is thin compared to that of arterial system
-Highly tensile vessel not needed because the venous network is a low-pressure system.

Question 24

Primary function of IVC and its tributaries

Answer 24

return deoxygenated blood to heart.

Question 25

What do the Valves in venous system do?

Answer 25

Prevent back flow of blood during diastole.

Question 26

Momentum of blood during systole forces valves to ___.
Once momentum decreases and blood isn’t pushed forward, valves____, preventing retrograde flow

Answer 26

Open
Close

Question 27

When valves don’t function this causes____

Answer 27

Retrograde blood flow

Question 28

Blood is also moved forward by

Answer 28

decrease in thoracic pressure, which pulls blood into right atrium.IVC acts as transportation vehicle when this happens

Question 29

Veins normally display

Answer 29

anechoic lumen with thin, bright echogenic walls.

Question 30

Small moving echoes often noticed within lumen of IVC

Answer 30

reason for it is debatable.Could be viscosity of blood flow within the vessel.

Question 31

In sagittal, epigastric area,hepactic section of IVC looks

Answer 31

Longitudinal,tubular,elastic located directly posterior to liver

Question 32

In most superior section of liver, hepatic veins can be seen as

Answer 32

anchor and linear with nondescript walls

Question 33

As hepatic veins approach IVC,they___

Answer 33

Increase in diameter.
Often notice bunny ear or reindeer sign pattern in transverse place

Question 34

In transverse, left renal veins is seen

Answer 34

longitudinally as a curvilinear structure,anterior to aorta and posterior to SMA

Question 35

IVC and branches are primarily evaluated to detect

Answer 35

intraluminal thrombosis and tumor invasion

Question 36

IVC filters are used to

Answer 36

help prevent blood clots from traveling to and through the heart to the lungs,pulmonary embolus

Question 37

The gold standard diagnostic application to evaluate venous system

Answer 37

Venography
is invasive and carries risks with contrast injections and x-rays

Question 38

Causes of Thrombosis

Answer 38

hyper coagulability,malignancy,venous stasis and focal compression.

Question 39

Tumor invasion commonly occurs in the

Answer 39

Renal veins and often extends to IVC.

Question 40

Complex variation of ivc are

Answer 40

double IVC
LEFT POSITION IVC
ABSENCE OF A PORTION OF IVC (RARE)

Question 41

Duplex doppler sonography

Answer 41

Asses flow dynamic of veins
-Proximal compression and distal augmentation also used to asses venous flow.

Question 42

Normal venous flow pattern should be

Answer 42

Spontaneous and phasic

Question 43

Phasic

Answer 43

changes with respiration

Question 44

Color flow doppler

Answer 44

Determines flow characteristics in abdomen and extremities by quickly identifying flow and turbulence.

Question 45

Continous-wave doppler

Answer 45

Helpful determining status of extremity veins.
-dopple signal amplified by a loudspeaker.

Question 46

Impedance flow plethysmography

Answer 46

-measures the blood volume change of an area.
-strain gauge plethysmography–bilateral cuffs placed in proximal portion of extremities.