CH.1 Before,during and after examination Flashcards
OSHA is designed to
protect healthcare workers
Documentation Before exam
Ultrasound request form
-review form and ICD-10-CM
-Clinical history of pt-peruse pt medical chart inquire pt clinical symptoms.
Indirect means of transmission
Touching contaminated sources and transferring to mouth, nose and eyes
HBV (Hepatitis B) can survive on surfaces at room temp for a____
week
Before assessment Most important items pt chart for sonographer to review are
Assessment notes, lab test results and reports from other imaging modalities (ex CT scans)
Ultrasounds examinations should begin with a ___
longitudinal and axial survey of area of interest and adjacent structures
Body structures are accurately identified on ultrasound by their
Location and landmarks NOT sonographic appearance .
Acoustic enhancement
increased echo amplitude or posterior through transmission
bright posterior through transmission
ALARA (As low as reasonably possible)
Always consider when scanning.Thermal and mechanical index.Top right side of display screen)
Artifact
Unassociated with object being imaged.
EX.shadowing
Ascites
Accumulation of fluid anywhere in abdominopelvic cavity.
Calculi (stones)
mineral salts that may accompany some disease processes
Complex mass
abnormal mass, composed of BOTH tissue and fluid
Contralateral
situated or affecting opposite side
Ex.Ovaries are contralateral
Cystic
Fluid collection in body that does NOT meat the criteria to be considered a true cyst.
Ex.Ascites said to be cystic in nature
Diffuse disease
infiltrative disease throughout organ,disurpts normal appearance of organ parenchyma.
Doppler effect
change in observed sound frequency caused by relative motion between source of the sound and observer
Used to detect blood flow through vessels.
echogenic
capable of producing echoes
Ex.Body structures
Echopenic
few echoes.Ex bile filled gallbladder
focal/multifocal change
disease process confined to isolated areas of an organ
focal zone
point where sound beam is narrowest and resolution is at its best
Hyperechoic
brighter than surrounded areas
ex.pancreas compared to liver
Hypoechoic
not as bright as surrounded areas
ex. kidney hypoechoic compared to liver
interface
boundary between 2 materials or structures
EX–use bright appearance of dat interfaces to differentiate body structures from each other
Intraperitoneal
enclosed in sac formed by parietal peritoneum
EX.Liver,gallbladder,spleen,stomach,majority of intestines and ovaries
Ipsilateral
situated on or affecting same side
ex.spleen and kidney
Isogenic/isoechoic
equal in echogenicity
Localized disease
circumscribed mass or multiple masses.
solid, cystic or complex
mesentery
double fold of peritoneum connects intraperitoneal organs to abdominal cavity
Necrotic
degeneration or death
neoplasm
new, abnormal growth of existing tissues, either benign or malignant.
orthogonal
at right angles
retroperitoneum
behind or posterior to the peritoneum
Pancreas,IVC,abdominal aorta, uterus,colon,adrenal glands,urinary system
Reverberation
structure with acoustic impedance different from adjacent structure, which causes huge amount of reflection back to transducer.
EX.image of rib is repeated
septations
-thin, membranous inclusions within a mass.
-single or multiple separations may be visualized in cystic or complex masses.
solid mass
abnormal mass composed of JUST tissue.
TGC(time gain compensation)
controls amplification of received echoes
True cyst (simple cyst)
abnormal mass composed of fluid
-to qualify as true cyst it must: (1) anechoic,(2) defined, thin,smooth walls,(3) exhibits posteriorly through transmission
Placenta
echo texture changes throughout pregnancy
Muscle
hypoechoeic or less echogenic relative to organs/structures adjacent to it
Tissue
homogenous, appear very bright compared with adjacent structures
Deep breathing causes everything in diaphragm and everything below it to
move down
When are Pathology images are documented?
AFTER the standard protocol images.include high and low gain images and size of abnormalities
Deep exhalation
everything moves upward
After examination
1.Complete exam worksheet
-pt medical history
-clinical symptoms
-lab results
-ultrasound findings
2.Include any reports from other imaging tests or procedures
3.written technical observation
Abnormal findings should include
origin or location
number
size
composition (echo pattern)
