ch.1 Welcome to Public Speaking Flashcards
Strategic Planning
the way a speaker identifies their goals and then determines how best to achieve them
what are the parts needed in a strategic plan?
General and Specific Purpose
Thesis
Critical Thinking
the ability to form and defend your own judgments rather than blindly accepting or instantly rejecting what you hear or read.
What are two things critical thinkers can do?
1) analyze or understand various points of view
2) quickly recognize the difference btw fact and opinion
facts
statements that can be verified by someone other than the speaker
opinions
subjective statements based on experience or expertise, not capable of being verified by someone else
how does critical thinking help our ideas?
it places them into a broader context, showing how they relate to the other things that you already know or believe
Rhetorical Solution
a situation in which people’s understanding can be changed through messages
Audience
the body of people that listen to the speaker
Occasion
the place and event where the speech is given
what are the different speech occasions?
- ceremonial
- deliberative
- forensic
Ceremonial
speaking that focuses on the present and is usually concerned with praise
Deliberative
speaking that focuses on the future and is usually concerned with what should be done
Forensic
speaking that focuses on the past and is usually concerned with justice
Ethos
it is a means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader.
Exigence
a problem that cannot be avoided but that can be solved, or at least managed, through the development of an appropriate message
Purposes for public speaking
- inform
- persuade
- entertain
Informing
provides listeners with new info or ideas
Persuading
influences listeners’ attitudes and behavior (either to strengthen existing beliefs or to support new ones)
Entertaining
stimulates a sense of community by celebrating common bonds among speaker and listeners
Public
open to or accessible by others; affects others
Public Forum
a space (imagined, rather than physical) in which citizens gather to discuss issues affecting them; discussion characterized by certain assumptions about the need for cooperative action and subjective judgement to resolve a problem
What are some characteristics of the Public Forum?
- Some problem affects people collectively as well as individually
- cooperative action is needed to address the problem
- the decision requires subjective judgement
- a decision is required
Respect for listeners
speaking in a way that allows the audience to be actively involved in the speech
What are some general rules of respect for your listeners?
- meet listeners where they are
- don’t insult listeners’ intelligence or judgement
- make sure your message merits the audience’s time
- respect listeners’ ability to assess your message
- respect the cultural diversity of your audience
Meet Listeners where they are
willingness to acknowledge the audiences’ current position and to make it your point of departure- agree or disagree.
Don’t insult listeners intelligence or judgement
avoid talking down to the audience
respect listeners’ ability to assess your message
do not mislead listeners about your purpose, or conceal what you want them to believe
ethnocentrism
the tendency to imagine that one’s own views are typical of everyone elses
what is meant by the phrase “responsibility for your statements”?
you must take responsibility for your accuracy and integrity of your statements.
What is an irresponsible thing you can do as a speaker?
commit plagiarism
Plagiarism
present another person’s words or ideas as though they were your own
what are four ways to avoid plagiarism?
- never present someone’s ideas without crediting the source first
- specify who developed the ideas or said the words that you present
- paraphrase statements in your own words rather than quoting them directly
- draw on several sources rather than on a single source for your speech
