ch. 7 Researching the Speech

Question 1

what is research?

Answer 1

the process of finding supporting material for your speech

Question 2

what is analysis?

Answer 2

exploration of a speech topic to determine which subordinate topics must be covered

Question 3

what are 3 basic goals for research?

Answer 3

1) To develop or strengthen your own expertise on the topic
2) to find the evidence that will support your ideas
3) to make your ideas clear, understandable, and pertinent to your audience

Question 4

what are the 7 types of supporting material?

Answer 4

1) Personal experience
2) Common knowledge
3) Direct observation
4) Examples
5) Documents
6) Statistics
7) Testimony

Question 5

what is personal experience?

Answer 5

the way of supporting your ideas on the basis of your own experience

Question 6

what is common knowledge?

Answer 6

the beliefs and values that members of a society or culture generally share

Question 7

what is presumption?

Answer 7

the assumption that a statement or claim is true until shown otherwise

Question 8

what is direct observation?

Answer 8

observational study that helps support your claim

Question 9

what are the different types of examples?

Answer 9

brief example, hypothetical example, anecdote, case study

Question 10

what is an anecdote?

Answer 10

a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person

Question 11

what is a case study?

Answer 11

a process or record of research in which detailed consideration is given to the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time

Question 12

what is document?

Answer 12

primary source that can establish a claim directly, without opinion or speculation

Question 13

what are statistics?

Answer 13

numbers recording the extent of something of the frequency with which it occurs

Question 14

what are the different types of statistics?

Answer 14

• simple enumeration
• surveys and polls
• rates of change
• experiments

Question 15

What is Testimony?

Answer 15

info or an opinion that is expressed by someone other than the speaker

Question 16

what are the two types of testimony?

Answer 16

factual and opinion

Question 17

what is factual testimony?

Answer 17

pieces of information that can be proved true or false

Question 18

what is opinion testimony?

Answer 18

beliefs formed from experience and judgement

Question 19

what are some tools for locating supporting material?

Answer 19

• search engines
• electronic databases
• catalogs
• indexes

Question 20

what are the 3 types of indexes?

Answer 20

• newspaper
• periodic
• gov’t publication

Question 21

what does it mean to supplement the tools?

Answer 21

to not rely on online databases, but to go to a public library or set up a personal interview

Question 22

what are the tests of evidence?

Answer 22

• is the evidence available for inspection?
• is the evidence accurate?
• is the source credible?
• is the source making statements within his or her expertise?
• is the evidence internally consistent?
• is the evidence contradicted by the best evidence from other sources?
• is the evidence recent enough?
• is the evidence relevant to the point that it supports?

Question 23

what are the questions to ask to evaluate the quality of internet evidence?

Answer 23

• Does the site meet the basic standards of credibility?
• Who set up the website?
• what are the source’s credentials?
• what is the purpose of the website?
• Does the content appear to reflect scholarship?
• Can you confirm the information?
• When was the site last updated?