Ch.1 - The Role of Nutrition in our Health

Question 1

nutrition

Answer 1

is the science that studies food and how food nourishes our body and influences our health

Question 2

health

Answer 2

the absence of disease

a multidimensional lifelong process that includes physical, emotional, social, occupational and spiritual health

Question 3

undernutrition

Answer 3

a diet that lacks energy or specific essential nutrients

Question 4

essential nutrients

Answer 4

nutrients that must come from food or nutrient supplements because they are not manufactured by the body at all or in amounts sufficient to meet the bodys needs

Question 5

overnution

Answer 5

a diet that has an imbalance of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins or simply too much energy

Question 6

malnutrition

Answer 6

any condition associated with under- or overnutrition

Question 7

nutrients

Answer 7

chemicals found in foods that critical to human growth and function

Question 8

organic

Answer 8

a substance or nutrient that contains the elements of carbon and hydrogen

Question 9

What are the 6 classes of nutrients essential for health?

Answer 9

1. carbs
2. fats and oils
3. proteins
4. vitamins
5. minerals
6. water

Question 10

macronutrients

Answer 10

nutrients that our body needs in relatively large amounts to support normal function and health.

carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are macronutrients

Question 11

carbohydrates

Answer 11

one of three macronutrients, a compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that is derived from plants and provides energy

ex rice, wheat, grains, veggies, legumes, milk, seeds, nuts

Question 12

fats

Answer 12

an important energy source for our body at rest and during low-intensity exercise

ex: they are insoluble in water
ex: butter, lard, margarine, oils, cholesterol

Question 13

proteins

Answer 13

the only macronutrient that contains nitrogen; the basic building blocks of proteins are amino acids

ex: meats, dairy products, seeds, nuts, legumes, small amount from veggies and whole grains

Question 14

micronutrients

Answer 14

nutrients needed in relatively small amounts to support normal health and body functions

vitamins and minerals are micronutrients

Question 15

vitamins

Answer 15

organic compounds that assist in regulating body processes

Question 16

metabolism

Answer 16

the process by which large molecules, such as carbs, fats, and proteins are broken down via chemical reactions into smaller molecules that can be used as fuel, stored, or assembled into new compounds the body needs

Question 17

fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 17

vitamins tht are not soluble in water but are soluble in fat.

ex: vit A, D, E and K

Question 18

water-soluble vitamins

Answer 18

vitamins that are soluble in water

ex: vitamin C and B-vitamins

Question 19

minerals

Answer 19

inorganic substances that are not broken down during digestion and absorption and are not destroyed by heat or light.

minerals assist in the regulation of many body processes and are classified as major minerals or trace minerals

Question 20

major minerals

Answer 20

minerals that must be consumed in amounts of 100mg/d or more and that are present in the body at the level of 5g or more

Question 21

trace minerals

Answer 21

minerals that must be consumed in amounts of less than 100mg/d and that are present in the body at the level of less than 5g

Question 22

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

Answer 22

a set of nutritional reference values for the us and canada that applies to healthy people

consists of 4 values

• estimated average requirement (EAR)
• recommended dietary allowance (RDA)
• adequate intake (AI)
• tolerable upper intake level (UL)

Question 23

estimated average requirement (EAR)

Answer 23

the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage or gender group

Question 24

recommended dietary allowance (RDA)

Answer 24

the average daily nutrient intake level that meets the nutrient requirements of a 97%-98% of healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group

Question 25

adequate intake (AI)

Answer 25

a recommended average daily nutrient intake level based on observed or experimentally determined estimates of nutrient intake by a group of healthy people

Question 26

tolerable upper intake level (UL)

Answer 26

the highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in a particular life stage and gender group

Question 27

estimated energy requirement (EER)

Answer 27

the average dietary energy intake that is predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy adult

Question 28

acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR)

Answer 28

the range of macronutrient intakes that provides adequate levels of essential nutrients and is associated with a reduced risk for chronic disease

Question 29

Vitamins A and C, thiamin, calcium, and magnesium are considered…

Answer 29

micronutrients

Question 30

Ten grams of fat contains/consists…

Answer 30

contains 370 kJ (90cal) of energy

Question 31

What is true about hypothesis?

Answer 31

a high protein diet increases the risk for porous bones

Question 32

Explain the difference between a trace mineral and a major mineral

Answer 32

The diff is how much we need to consume daily.

we need to consume 100mg or more of major minerals each day

but trace minerals are required in amounts less than 100 milligrams per day