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Bio 101 > CH.1 Test Review > Flashcards

CH.1 Test Review Flashcards

1
Q

characteristics of living things

A

life is organized

  • life requires materials and energy
  • living organisms reproduce and develop
  • living organisms respond to stimuli
  • living organisms are homeostatic
  • organisms have the capacity to adapt
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2
Q

cell

A

building blocks of living things

- smallest unit of life

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3
Q

biology

A

the study of life

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4
Q

order smallest to largest

cells

A

atom-molecule-cell-tissue-organ-organ system

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5
Q

order smallest to largest

organism

A

organism-population-community-ecosystem-biosphere

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6
Q

energy

A

capacity to do work

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7
Q

Genes

A

are units of information within an individual’s DNA.

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8
Q

Reproduction

A

is the process by which an organism makes more of itself.

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9
Q

Homeostasis

A

maintaining constant internal environment

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10
Q

Development –

A

changes that take place from conception to death

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11
Q

Growth

A

– increase in size or number of cells

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12
Q

Evolution

A

is the change in frequency of traits in populations and species.

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13
Q

taxonomy

A

– the way that we organize and group organisms to better identify them

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14
Q

why are microscopes required to study and understand cells?

A

Because Most cells are smaller than 1mm and Some cells are as small as 1 micrometer

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15
Q

why can’t cells be larger (think about the surface area vs volume ratio – look at figure 3.2 on page 46)

A

because surface area can affect the ability to get materials in and out of the cell

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16
Q

structure of eukaryotic cells

A

……….

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17
Q

plasma membrane

A

surrounds plasma membrane, regulated entrance and exit

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18
Q

nucleus

A

command center of cell

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19
Q

nucleoli

A

small ran containing particle for synthesis of protein

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20
Q

RER

A

has ribosomes that help make proteins

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21
Q

SER

A

lacks ribosomes, makes fat molecules

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22
Q

Golgi body

A

processeds, packages and ships modified proteins

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23
Q

Lysosomes

A

membrane-enclosed vesicles involved in digestion

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24
Q

Vacuoles

A

stores water in plants

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25
Q

Peroxisomes

A

vesicles involved fatty acid metabolism

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26
Q

mitochondria

A

organelle that carries out cellular respiration

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27
Q

chloroplasts

A

uses solar energy to synthesize

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28
Q

golgi aparatus

A

received from ER

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29
Q

chloroplast

A

photosynthesis in plants and algae

30
Q

stroma

A

fluid filled in the spa

31
Q

Grana

A

stacks of thylakoids

32
Q

Mitochondria

A

contains DNA

-site of cellular respiration

33
Q

Matrix

A

inner fluid filled space

34
Q

Cristae

A

inner fold

35
Q

endosymbiotic theory

A

mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotes that were taken up by a larger cell

36
Q

transmembrane protein

A

goes across membrane

37
Q

Peripheral

A

can only be seen on one side

38
Q

channel Protein

A

bridge; moves things from one side to another

39
Q

glycoprotein

A

carb attached to protein

40
Q

glycolipid

A

-carb on lipid

41
Q

cholesterol

A

attached to top of protein

42
Q

extracellular matrix

A
  • everything stuck outside of the cell membrane

- helps communicate w/ outside world)

43
Q

receptor protein

A

sends messages inside of the cel when the right shape binds to it

44
Q

enzymatic protein

A

catalyzes a specific rxn

45
Q

what molecules cannot penetrate the membrane

A

water molecules

46
Q

active transport

A

requires energy

47
Q

passive transport

A

doesn’t require energy

48
Q

diffusion

A

movement from high concentration to low concentration

49
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water from high concentration to low concentration

50
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

requires help from carrier protein

51
Q

isotonic

A

equal concentration

52
Q

hypotonic

A

more water, less solute

53
Q

hypertonic

A

more solute, less water

54
Q

osmotic pressure

A

pressure for water to

55
Q

autotroph

A

makes its own food through photosynthesis

56
Q

heterotroph

A

gets food from different source

57
Q

enzyme

A

speeds up rxn

58
Q

stimuli

A

whats being exposed to, to cause a response

59
Q

adaptation

A

an adjustment environmental change

60
Q

evolution

A

change over time

61
Q

Interphase

A

growth or replication of material occurs

62
Q

Prophase

A

nuclear envelope breaks and DNA will condense. Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell

63
Q

Metaphase

A

chromosomes are lined up

64
Q

Anaphase

A

Chromosomes are pulled apart

65
Q

Telophase

A

Nuclear envelope reforms and DNA decondenses

*cleavage furrow forms….in plants cell plate is formed

66
Q

Cytokinesis

A

splitting of cell after telophase

67
Q

Mitosis

A

somatic….cell division

68
Q

Meiosis

A

Reproduction of sex cells…sperm and egg

69
Q

Mitosis cell distribution

A

starts with 46 and after replication ends with 46 chromosomes (diploid)

70
Q

Meiosis cell distribution

A

starts with 46 chromosomes and after replicating forms daughter cells of 23 chromosomes (haploid)

71
Q

Cell cycle Phases

Bio 101 (7 decks)

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