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Foundations: Ch. 1-8, 18, & 41 > Ch.1: Nursing History-MJ > Flashcards

Ch.1: Nursing History-MJ Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 images of nursing?

A 
Angel of mercy
Battle ax
Nurse as a professional
Naughty nurse
Military Image
Handmaiden Image
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2
Q

Which image of nursing is this: “The Halo”; grew out of religion; the perception of nursing chronicled the ideal of Florence Nightingale

A

Angel of mercy

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3
Q

Which image is this: Nurses are no longer seen as the Battle Ax but as the image of Florence Nightingale

A

Nurse as a profession

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4
Q

Which image is this: The image of a sexy, risqué nurse arose in the early part of the 20th century; media shows have aided to this negative perception (grey anatomy)

A

Naughty nurse

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5
Q

Which image is this: Nurses are limited to helping the doctor–seen at the bedside with the doc; very limited roles

A

Handmaiden image

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6
Q

Which image is this: An example of this image is seen in the film One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, in which Nurse Ratched personifies the nurse as the _____ or torturer, treating her patients with cruelty and disdain

A

Image= Battle-ax

Fill in the blank= battle-ax

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7
Q

Which image is this: Known as the warrior fighters on the battle lines; Nurses took the lead in providing care in the following wars: American Civil War, Spanish American War, WWI and WWII, Korean, Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan conflicts

A

Military image

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8
Q

The student nurse’s grandmother states, “in my day, girls became nurses to catch themselves a rich doctor for a husband.” This statement is reflective of which “image” of a nurse?

A

Naughty nurse

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9
Q

There are 10 different roles of nursing. What are they?

A 
Direct care provider
Communicator 
Client/family educator
Client advocate
Counselor
Change agent
Leader
Manager
Case manager
Research consumer
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10
Q

What are the 5 educational pathways that lead to licensure as a RN?

A
  • Diploma program
  • Associate degree program
  • Baccalaureate degree program
  • Master’s entry program
  • Doctoral entry
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11
Q

What are the big points about the diploma program?

A
  • Hospital based programs
  • Oldest type of nursing education
  • Modeled after Nightingales school of nursing
  • How most nurses from mid1800s-1960s were educated
  • School for 3 years and focuses on clinical experience in direct patient care
  • Since 1960s, these programs have steadily decreased
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12
Q

What are the big points of associate degrees programs?

A
  • Emerged during the shortage following WWII
  • Most AD programs offered in community colleges
  • Student prepared to provide direct patient care from these programs
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13
Q

What are the big points of baccalaureate degree programs?

A
  • Course of study lasts 8 semesters
  • Students prepared to address complex clinical situations, provide direct patient care, work in community care, use research, and enter graduate education
  • Many A.D graduates enter ‘RN to BSN’ programs
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14
Q

What are the big points about masters entry programs?

A
  • Typical student has a baccalaureate degree in another program
  • Programs usually completed in 3 years, the first year devoted to basic nursing content
  • At completion, the student is eligible to take the licensing exam and is awarded a masters degree in nursing
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15
Q

What is the big points about doctoral entry programs?

A
  • Most unusual entry pathway to nursing

- Parallels the path through which physicians enter the healthcare field.. very limited enrollment

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16
Q

What are the two types of graduate nursing education?

A

Masters degree programs

Doctoral programs

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17
Q

What graduate nursing program is this: prepare RNs to function in a more independent and autonomous roles, such as NP, clinical specialist, nurse educator, or nursing administration

A

Masters degree program

-Usually takes 2 years or longer to complete this

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18
Q

What graduate nursing program is this: Offers professional degrees. The student has typically completed a baccalaureate and masters degree before entry

A

Doctorate Program

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19
Q

What are the 2 other forms of formal education that involves the concept as “nurses as lifetime learners”

A

Continuing education and in-service education

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20
Q

What are 5 Nursing Organizations?

A
  • American Nurses Association
  • National League for Nursing
  • International Council of Nursing
  • National Student Nurses Association
  • Sigma Theta Tau International
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21
Q

Nursing organizations: What is the official professional organization for nurses in the U.S?

A

ANA

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22
Q

Nursing organizations: What does the ANA do?

A
  • Establishes standards of nursing to promote high-quality care
  • Work toward licensure as means of ensuring adherence to standards
  • Publishes this journal: The American Nurse
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23
Q

Which nursing organization was originally founded as the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nursing?

A

National League for Nursing

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24
Q

Nursing organizations: What does the NLN do?

A
  • Sets standards for all types of nursing education programs
  • Studies the nursing workforce
  • Lobbies and participates with other major healthcare organizations to set policy for the nursing workforce
  • Aids faculty development
  • Funds research on nursing education
  • Publishes this journal: Nursing education Perspectives
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25
Q

What nursing organization represents 13 million nurses on a global level?

A

International Council of Nursing

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26
Q

Nursing organizations: What does the ICN do?

A
  • Ensure quality nursing care for all
  • Supports global health policies that advance nursing and improve worldwide health
  • Strive to improve working conditions for nurses throughout the world
27
Q

What nursing organization represents students in the U.S?

A

National Student Nurses Association

28
Q

Nursing organizations: What does the NSNA do?

A
  • Student counterpart of ANA
  • Sponsors yearly conventions to address the concerns of nursing students
  • Publishes this journal: Image
29
Q

What is the international honor society for nursing?

A

Sigma Theta Tau International

30
Q

Nursing organizations: What does STTI do?

A

-Goal: Foster nursing scholarship, leadership, service, and research to improve health worldwide

31
Q

What are the 6 healthcare delivery systems?

A
  1. Hospitals
  2. Extended care facilities
  3. Ambulatory care centers
  4. Home healthcare agencies
  5. Community/public health centers
  6. Independent living facilities
32
Q

Healthcare delivery systems: Which system is this?

Most frequent and most expensive used site for care

A

Hospitals

33
Q

Healthcare delivery systems: What system provides care for clients for an extended period of time–usually longer than one month?

A

Extended care facilities

34
Q

Healthcare delivery systems: What are the 4 types of extended care facilities?

A

Nursing homes
Skilled nursing facilities
Rehab facilities
Assisted living facilities

35
Q

Healthcare delivery systems: Extended care facilities

What are nursing homes?

A

Provides custodial care for people who cannot live on their own but are not sick enough to require hospitalization

36
Q

Healthcare delivery systems: Extended care facilities

What are skilled nursing facilities?

A

Places where you go when you no longer need hospitalization but aren’t ready to go home yet

Skilled care patients are those who are expected to improve with treatment

37
Q

Healthcare delivery systems: Extended care facilities

What are rehab centers?

A

Provide extended care and treatment for patients why physical and mental illness

38
Q

Healthcare delivery systems: Extended care facilities-What are assisted living facilities?

A

Designed to bridge a gap between independence and institutionalization for older adults who have a decline in health status and cannot live alone independently

39
Q

Healthcare delivery systems: Which system is synonymous with outpatient care and provides services for clients who are able to come and go from the facility?

Examples?

A

Ambulatory care systems

EX: Private health and med offices, clinics, and outpatient therapy centers

40
Q

Healthcare delivery systems: What system provides continuing care to patients after hospitalization?

A

Home healthcare agencies

41
Q

Healthcare delivery systems: When do you provide home healthcare?

A
  1. Client is homebound and can’t get to an ambulatory care center
  2. When client/family prefers to receive care in the home (terminally ill)
  3. When client still requires skilled care but is discharged from hospital bc reimbursable length-of-stay has expired
42
Q

Healthcare delivery systems: What system are community based that provides care for the community at large?

Example?

A

Community/public health centers

EX: Healthcare for the homeless; school based programs to decrease incidence of teen preg.

43
Q

Healthcare delivery systems: What are also known as retirement homes?

A

Independent living facilities

44
Q

Healthcare delivery systems: What age are independent living facilities designed for and why?

A

People over the age of 55 who:

  1. Are independent in all aspects
  2. Want to live in a community with other senior citizens
45
Q

What are the 3 healthcare categories?

A

Primary care
Secondary care
Tertiary care

46
Q

What does primary care focus on?

A

Health promotion, preventive services, health education, and screening for early detection of healthcare problems

47
Q

What does secondary care focus on?

A

Services to diagnose and treat disease, illness, and injury

48
Q

What does tertiary care focus on?

A

Long term rehab services and care for the dying

49
Q

Which healthcare category is this: Nursing and health promotion

A

Primary

50
Q

Which healthcare category is this: Nursing and illness prevention

A

Primary

51
Q

Which healthcare category is this: Nursing and health restoration

A

Secondary

52
Q

Which healthcare category is this: Nursing and end of life care

A

Tertiary care

53
Q

What are the 5 ways healthcare is financed?

A
  • Individuals
  • Individual private insurance
  • Employment-based private insurances
  • Government (public) financing
  • Charitable organizations
54
Q

What type of people are the ones who have to individually make direct payment services or out of pocket expenses?

A
  • Those with no insurance

- Those who don’t qualify for gov. services

55
Q

A person with private insurance pays premiums to ______

A

An insurance company

56
Q

Most private insurance in the U.S is ____.

A

Employment-based

57
Q

Employment based insurance game during WWII, when a labor shortage existed. Why did they create this?

A

Employers financed benefits, like health insurance, to attract and reward employees, as well as improve the health of employees.

58
Q

What are the 4 government (public) financing?

A

Medicare
Medicaid
Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP)
Speciality and categorical programs

59
Q

What is medicare?

A

A federal insurance program for those over 65

60
Q

What is medicade?

A

Provides healthcare services for people with low income and minimal resources

  • Joint federal and state endeavor
  • Funded through federal and state taxes
  • Use managed care organizations (like HMO)
61
Q

Because of Obamacare (Affordable care act), people whose income falls below certain percentages of the poverty level but are younger than 65, will qualify for ____.

A

Medicade

62
Q

CHIP is a joint venture between the federal government and states to provide health insurance to ______ whose family income ___ Medicade eligibility criteria, but who cannot afford _______ and are not covered under a ______.

A

Millions of children; does not meet, insurance; parents policy

63
Q

Why were categorical programs designed?

A

To benefit certain categories of people.
EX: Access to healthcare for immigrants
or health screening in Head Start Programs

64
Q

What do charitable organizations provide?

A

Direct services and cover the costs for some traditional health services

EX: Salvation army provides inpatient alcohol and drug rehab services, food for the needy, and social and nutritional programs for older adults in many cities

Foundations: Ch. 1-8, 18, & 41 (11 decks)

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