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Communication Science > Ch1 Introduction > Flashcards

Ch1 Introduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Study of skeletal system

A

osteology

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2
Q

study of articular system

A

arthrology

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3
Q

study of muscular system

A

myology

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4
Q

study of digestive system

A

splanchnology

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5
Q

study of vascular system

A

angiology

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6
Q

study of nervous system

A

neurology

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7
Q

study of respiratory system

A

pulmonology

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8
Q

study of urinary system

A

urology

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9
Q

study of generative system

A

gynecology (females)

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10
Q

study of endocrine ssystem

A

endocrinology

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11
Q

study of integumentary system

A

dermatology

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12
Q

anatomy

A

study of the structure of organisms and the relations of their parts

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13
Q

physiology

A

study of the functions of organisms and the relations of their parts

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14
Q

anterior/ventral

A

toward the front

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15
Q

posterior/dorsal

A

toward the back

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16
Q

superior

A

upper

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17
Q

inferior

A

lower

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18
Q

cranial/rostral

A

toward the head

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19
Q

caudal

A

toward the tail (usually restricted to the trunk)

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20
Q

internal/deep

A

toward the inner surface

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21
Q

external/superficial

A

toward the outer surface

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22
Q

medial

A

toward the axis or midline

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23
Q

lateral

A

away from the axis or midline

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24
Q

proximal

A

toward the root of a free extremity

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25
Q

distal

A

away from the root of a free extremity

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26
Q

dorsal

A

toward the backbone, away from the front of the body

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27
Q

ventral

A

away from the backbone, toward the front of body

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28
Q

prone

A

laying on stomach w/ palms forward

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29
Q

supine

A

laying on back with palms up

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30
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical, longitudinal plane, divides body into left and right

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31
Q

coronal plane

A

passes through the body dividing it into front and back

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32
Q

transverse plane

A

passes through the body dividing it into upper and lower sections

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33
Q

cell

A

-smallest and most structural unit of living matter -highly organized masses of protoplasm -have a lifespan

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34
Q

tissue

A

large mass of similar cells that perform a specific function

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35
Q

types of elementary tissues

A
  1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Muscular 4. Nervous 5. Vascular
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36
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A
  • forms the epidermis -lines the digestive, urinary, and generative systems
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37
Q

Endothelial Tissue

A

-Lines walls of blood vessels, lymph vessels -no continuity with the epidermis -flat cells (simple squamous) -extremely smooth surface -Found in: neck nodes larynx oral cavity nasal cavity

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38
Q

Mesothelial Tissue

A

lines internal body cavities peritoneal (abdominal) pleural (lungs) pericardial (heart)

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39
Q

Protoplasm

A

basic substance that enters into the composition in living cells

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40
Q

Cytoplasm

A

holds cell’s internal components in place

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41
Q

Plasma membrane

A

outer membrane of a cell

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42
Q

Organelles

A

“cell organs” found in cytoplasm

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43
Q

Mitochontria

A

provides energy to the cell. Power-source

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44
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

stores materials in a cell, packs for transport

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45
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Transports proteins to the golgi apparatus

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46
Q

Lysosomes

A

“digestion” in a cell

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47
Q

Microtubules & microfilaments

A

maintains structure in a cell

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48
Q

Centrioles

A

made of microtubules and helps the cell divide

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49
Q

Examples of Dense Connective Tissues

A

Tendons, Ligaments & Fascia

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50
Q

Tendons

A

type of dense connective tissue always associated with a muscle

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51
Q

Ligaments

A

Type of dense connective tissue tightly packed parallel fibers with elastic fibers join: bone > bone bone > cartilage cartilage > cartilage

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52
Q

Fascia

A

type of dense connective tissue varies in thickness and density found in sheets responsible for the organization of muscle fibers

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53
Q

Fascia covers….

A

muscles of mastication, parotid gland, pharynx, neck, thyroid gland, arteries, veins

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54
Q

Elastic Cartilage is found in…

A

ear, external auditory meatus, epiglotis, auditory tube, larynx

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55
Q

Connective Tissue

A

binds structures together, support body and aid in bodily maintenence

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56
Q

Types of Connective Tissue

A

Loose, Dense, & Special

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57
Q

Loose Connective Tissue

A

(Fat) Distributed throughout the body binds parts together allows considerable movement

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58
Q

Types of Dense Connective Tissues

A

Collagenous Elastic Reticular

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59
Q

Special Connective Tissue

A

capable of growth, withstands compression, tears easily

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60
Q

3 types of Cartilage

A

Hyaline Elastic Fibrous

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61
Q

Hyaline Cartilage description

A

poor blood supply, changes with age, less transparent with age

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62
Q

Elastic Cartilage description

A

yellow and opaque, flexible, elastic, rubbery, contains collagenous fibers

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63
Q

Fibrous Cartilage description

A

most dense cartilage

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64
Q

Bone

A

Characterized by a rigid matrix

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65
Q

Types of joints

A

Synarthrodial (immobile) Ampthiarthrodial (slightly yielding) Diarthrodial (freely moving)

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66
Q

Synarthrodial joints

A

(immobile) fibrous, bones are almost in direct contact, joined by thin intervening tissue

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67
Q

Amphiarthrodial joints

A

(yielding) found in the skeleton

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68
Q

Diarthrodial joints

A

(freely moving) broadly represented in the body, variable degrees and directions of free movement

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69
Q

6 Types of Diarthrodial Joints

A
  1. Condyloid 2. Gliding 3. Hinge 4. Saddle 5. Ball & Socket 6. Pivot
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70
Q

Striated Muscle

A

highly vascularized supplied by peripheral nervous system voluntary attaches primarily to skeletal system all but 2 are paired cylindrical shape blunt ends multi-nucleated composed of myofibrils

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71
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Involuntary innervated by autonomic nervous system no transverse bands composed of fusiform spindle shaped contains single nucleus contraction is slow and contained

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72
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

only in the heart properties of smooth and striated involuntary self-excitable cells contain myofibrils like striated

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73
Q

Muscle

A

by virtue of it’s ability to contract and elongate, this tissue is the principle mediator in all of our movements

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74
Q

Types of Muscle

A

Striated, Smooth & Cardiac

75
Q

Muscle Attachments

A

Origin & Insertion

76
Q

Origin of a Muscle

A

fixed less movement more proximal attachment

77
Q

Insertion of a Muscle

A

structure being acted upon, greatest movement

78
Q

Muscle Strength

A

force muscle is capable of producing depends on the size of muscle and the # of motor nerves that innervates it

79
Q

Muscle Fatigue

A

gradual decline in the ability of a muscle to generate force

80
Q

Muscle Action

A

“what does it do?” consequence of muscle action

81
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

highly specialized elongated cells extremely irritable respond to environmental changes by changing electrochemical composition

82
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

83
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Cranial and Spinal Nerves

84
Q

EMG

A

electromyogram—detects and records the bioelectric activity of a muscle

85
Q

Vascular Tissue

A

fluid tissues of the body 10% body weight

86
Q

Corpuscles

A

cells

87
Q

Platelets

A

separated by blood plasma

88
Q

Blood Plasma

A

intercellular matrix of vascular tissue

89
Q

lymph

A

immediate nutrient plasma of vascular tissue

90
Q

Vascular Tissue functions:

A

conveys food and oxygen to all living cells and takes on waste materials generated by cellular activity distributes heat uniformly over the body defends body against disease-producing microorganisms

91
Q

Organ System

A

Two or more organs combining for one function

92
Q

Examples of Organ Systems

A

Digestive Respiratory Integumentary Vascular Endocrine Reproductive Urinary Nervous Skeletal Articular Muscular

93
Q

osteology

A

Study of skeletal system

94
Q

arthrology

A

study of articular system

95
Q

myology

A

study of muscular system

96
Q

splanchnology

A

study of digestive system

97
Q

angiology

A

study of vascular system

98
Q

neurology

A

study of nervous system

99
Q

pulmonology

A

study of respiratory system

100
Q

urology

A

study of urinary system

101
Q

gynecology (females)

A

study of generative system

102
Q

endocrinology

A

study of endocrine ssystem

103
Q

dermatology

A

study of integumentary system

104
Q

study of the structure of organisms and the relations of their parts

A

anatomy

105
Q

study of the functions of organisms and the relations of their parts

A

physiology

106
Q

toward the front

A

anterior/ventral

107
Q

toward the back

A

posterior/dorsal

108
Q

upper

A

superior

109
Q

lower

A

inferior

110
Q

toward the head

A

cranial/rostral

111
Q

toward the tail (usually restricted to the trunk)

A

caudal

112
Q

toward the inner surface

A

internal/deep

113
Q

toward the outer surface

A

external/superficial

114
Q

toward the axis or midline

A

medial

115
Q

away from the axis or midline

A

lateral

116
Q

toward the root of a free extremity

A

proximal

117
Q

away from the root of a free extremity

A

distal

118
Q

toward the backbone, away from the front of the body

A

dorsal

119
Q

away from the backbone, toward the front of body

A

ventral

120
Q

laying on stomach w/ palms forward

A

prone

121
Q

laying on back with palms up

A

supine

122
Q

vertical, longitudinal plane, divides body into left and right

A

sagittal plane

123
Q

passes through the body dividing it into front and back

A

coronal plane

124
Q

passes through the body dividing it into upper and lower sections

A

transverse plane

125
Q

-smallest and most structural unit of living matter -highly organized masses of protoplasm -have a lifespan

A

cell

126
Q

large mass of similar cells that perform a specific function

A

tissue

127
Q
  1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Muscular 4. Nervous 5. Vascular
A

types of elementary tissues

128
Q
  • forms the epidermis -lines the digestive, urinary, and generative systems
A

Epithelial Tissue

129
Q

-Lines walls of blood vessels, lymph vessels -no continuity with the epidermis -flat cells (simple squamous) -extremely smooth surface -Found in: neck nodes larynx oral cavity nasal cavity

A

Endothelial Tissue

130
Q

lines internal body cavities peritoneal (abdominal) pleural (lungs) pericardial (heart)

A

Mesothelial Tissue

131
Q

basic substance that enters into the composition in living cells

A

Protoplasm

132
Q

holds cell’s internal components in place

A

Cytoplasm

133
Q

outer membrane of a cell

A

Plasma membrane

134
Q

“cell organs” found in cytoplasm

A

Organelles

135
Q

provides energy to the cell. Power-source

A

Mitochontria

136
Q

stores materials in a cell, packs for transport

A

Golgi apparatus

137
Q

Transports proteins to the golgi apparatus

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

138
Q

“digestion” in a cell

A

Lysosomes

139
Q

maintains structure in a cell

A

Microtubules & microfilaments

140
Q

made of microtubules and helps the cell divide

A

Centrioles

141
Q

Tendons, Ligaments & Fascia

A

Examples of Dense Connective Tissues

142
Q

type of dense connective tissue always associated with a muscle

A

Tendons

143
Q

Type of dense connective tissue tightly packed parallel fibers with elastic fibers join: bone > bone bone > cartilage cartilage > cartilage

A

Ligaments

144
Q

type of dense connective tissue varies in thickness and density found in sheets responsible for the organization of muscle fibers

A

Fascia

145
Q

muscles of mastication, parotid gland, pharynx, neck, thyroid gland, arteries, veins

A

Fascia covers….

146
Q

ear, external auditory meatus, epiglotis, auditory tube, larynx

A

Elastic Cartilage is found in…

147
Q

binds structures together, support body and aid in bodily maintenence

A

Connective Tissue

148
Q

Loose, Dense, & Special

A

Types of Connective Tissue

149
Q

(Fat) Distributed throughout the body binds parts together allows considerable movement

A

Loose Connective Tissue

150
Q

Collagenous Elastic Reticular

A

Types of Dense Connective Tissues

151
Q

capable of growth, withstands compression, tears easily

A

Special Connective Tissue

152
Q

Hyaline Elastic Fibrous

A

3 types of Cartilage

153
Q

poor blood supply, changes with age, less transparent with age

A

Hyaline Cartilage description

154
Q

yellow and opaque, flexible, elastic, rubbery, contains collagenous fibers

A

Elastic Cartilage description

155
Q

most dense cartilage

A

Fibrous Cartilage description

156
Q

Characterized by a rigid matrix

A

Bone

157
Q

Synarthrodial (immobile) Ampthiarthrodial (slightly yielding) Diarthrodial (freely moving)

A

Types of joints

158
Q

(immobile) fibrous, bones are almost in direct contact, joined by thin intervening tissue

A

Synarthrodial joints

159
Q

(yielding) found in the skeleton

A

Amphiarthrodial joints

160
Q

(freely moving) broadly represented in the body, variable degrees and directions of free movement

A

Diarthrodial joints

161
Q
  1. Condyloid 2. Gliding 3. Hinge 4. Saddle 5. Ball & Socket 6. Pivot
A

6 Types of Diarthrodial Joints

162
Q

highly vascularized supplied by peripheral nervous system voluntary attaches primarily to skeletal system all but 2 are paired cylindrical shape blunt ends multi-nucleated composed of myofibrils

A

Striated Muscle

163
Q

Involuntary innervated by autonomic nervous system no transverse bands composed of fusiform spindle shaped contains single nucleus contraction is slow and contained

A

Smooth Muscle

164
Q

only in the heart properties of smooth and striated involuntary self-excitable cells contain myofibrils like striated

A

Cardiac Muscle

165
Q

by virtue of it’s ability to contract and elongate, this tissue is the principle mediator in all of our movements

A

Muscle

166
Q

Striated, Smooth & Cardiac

A

Types of Muscle

167
Q

Origin & Insertion

A

Muscle Attachments

168
Q

fixed less movement more proximal attachment

A

Origin of a Muscle

169
Q

structure being acted upon, greatest movement

A

Insertion of a Muscle

170
Q

force muscle is capable of producing depends on the size of muscle and the # of motor nerves that innervates it

A

Muscle Strength

171
Q

gradual decline in the ability of a muscle to generate force

A

Muscle Fatigue

172
Q

“what does it do?” consequence of muscle action

A

Muscle Action

173
Q

highly specialized elongated cells extremely irritable respond to environmental changes by changing electrochemical composition

A

Nervous Tissue

174
Q

Brain and Spinal Cord

A

Central Nervous System

175
Q

Cranial and Spinal Nerves

A

Peripheral Nervous System

176
Q

electromyogram—detects and records the bioelectric activity of a muscle

A

EMG

177
Q

fluid tissues of the body 10% body weight

A

Vascular Tissue

178
Q

cells

A

Corpuscles

179
Q

separated by blood plasma

A

Platelets

180
Q

intercellular matrix of vascular tissue

A

Blood Plasma

181
Q

immediate nutrient plasma of vascular tissue

A

lymph

182
Q

conveys food and oxygen to all living cells and takes on waste materials generated by cellular activity distributes heat uniformly over the body defends body against disease-producing microorganisms

A

Vascular Tissue functions:

183
Q

Two or more organs combining for one function

A

Organ System

184
Q

Digestive Respiratory Integumentary Vascular Endocrine Reproductive Urinary Nervous Skeletal Articular Muscular

A

Examples of Organ Systems

Communication Science (8 decks)

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