Ch.1&2: Intro to Pharm & Routes for Drug Admin. Flashcards
Over the Counter Drug (OTC)*
drugs that are considered sufficiently safe so that a lay person can understand its instructions for proper use
Prescription Drug*
drugs that are considered to be too unsafe for a lay person to properly use
Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD) drug*
drugs that are approved for use in or on animal feed under direction of licensed vet. Prohibited from extra-label use
What does lidocaine block?*
Na channels
primary uses of lidocaine*
local anesthetic, anti-arrhythmic, GI motility/colic
How do you control systemic toxicity of lidocaine?*
give with EP (a vasoconstrictor), which will decrease its absorption into the bloodstream. Do this when you are using lidocaine as a local anesthetic
Why do you NOT give lidocaine with EP when trying to prevent arrhythmia?*
don’t want vasoconstrictive effect of EP. Want lidocaine to get into bloodstream easily
Route of admin. for lidocaine when treating colic in horses*
IV
Where does most drug absorption occur when drug administered orally? Why?**
lower GI tract (small intestine). Has large surface area high density of transporters and slow transit time
gold standard for drug admin. route*
oral
4 common release patterns for oral drug formulations*
1) capsule
2) coated tablet
3) capsule with coated drug pellets
4) matrix tablet
The relationship between oral dose and absorption is/is not directly proportional for most drugs*
is NOT
absorption*
how much and how fast the drug moves from site of admin. to site of action
IV has what percent absorption?*
100%
What drug had the highest reported incidence of violatic residues detected in milk from treated dairy cattle in 2005-6?*
penicillin
What drug class does flunixin belong to?*
NSAID
What are the indications for flunixin therapy in dairy cattle? Horses? Swine?*
Cattle: fever assoc. with bovine respiratory dz or acute mastitis. Inflammation assoc. with endotoxemia
Horses: pain from colic or MS disorder and inflammation
Swine: fever assoc. with swine resp. dz
How does mastitis effect elimination of flunixin?*
Prolongs elimination. Can lead to residues in milk/meat
“Big take home messages”:
- By changing a route of administration, you are changing a drug’s distribution lifetime in the body
- Disease impacts how the body handles a drug*
:)
Main reasons why residues occur:*
- failure to follow withdrawal times
- using higher dose than allowed
- not following route of admin. that was on label for drug
