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CH BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION Flashcards

1
Q

Aristotle classified animals into

A
  1. Anaima- RBCs are absent
  2. Enaima- RBCs are present
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2
Q

Two kingdom system of classification did not distinguish between

A
  1. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
  2. Unicellular and Multicellular
  3. Photosynthetic and Non Photosynthetic
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3
Q

Six Kingdom Classification was Given by _______. It is also k/a

A

Carl Woese
3 Domain System - Eukarya, Archae, Bacteria

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4
Q

The 3 domains are said to be formed from a common ancestor k/a

A

Progenote

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5
Q

Who gave the Five kingdom system of Classification

A

R.H. Whittaker

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6
Q

The first inhabitants of Earth belong to kingdom __________ and are _________

A
  1. Monera
  2. Bacteria
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7
Q

In which Bacteria Cell Wall is Absent

A

Mycoplasma

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8
Q

The most Common Form of Bacteria is

A

Rod Shaped Organism BACILLUS

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9
Q

The pigment present in Bacteria for Photosynthesis are

A
  1. Bacteriochlorophyll also k/a Bacteriopurpurin
  2. Bacteriovirdin
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10
Q

Purple Sulphur Bacteria, eg. _________ contains pigment _________

A
  1. Thiospirillum
  2. Bacteriochlorophyll or Bacteriopurpurin
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11
Q

Green Sulphur Bacteria, eg. ___________ contains pigment _______

A
  1. Chlorobium limicola
  2. Bacteriovirdin
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12
Q

The sources of Electron in Bacteria is

A
  1. Thiosulphate
  2. Hydrogen Sulphide
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13
Q

Chemosynthetic autotrophs do not utilise ________ as energy

A

Light

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14
Q

Which bacteria on the basis of mode of nutrition are the most abundant in nature

A

Heterotrophic

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15
Q

The most common mode of asexual reproduction in bacteria is

A

Binary Fission

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16
Q

What are the steps involved in Binary Fission

A
  1. Replication of DNA
  2. Mesosome division and membrane formation
  3. Cross Wall Formation
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17
Q

What is Endospore?

A

Cells of certain bacteria form a thick walled, highly resistant bodies within the cell called endospore

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18
Q

What are the ways in which Sexual Recombination occurs in bacteria

A
  1. Conjugation
  2. Transduction
  3. Transformation
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19
Q

Archaebacteria are Gram positive or Gram negative Bacteria

A

Gram Negative

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20
Q

The cell wall in Archaebacteria contains

A

NAT- N- acetyltalosamiuronic acid

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21
Q

Describe the mode of Nutrition, mode of Respiration and Examples of
1. Methanogens
2. Thermoacidophiles
3. Halophiles

A
  1. Methanogens - Chemosynthetic autotrophs, obligate anaerobe, Methanococcus, Methanobacterium
  2. Thermoacidophiles -Chemosynthetic autotroph, facultative anaerobes, Thermoplasma and Thermoproteus
  3. Halophiles- Heterotrophs, Facultative anaerobes , Halococcus, Halobacterium
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22
Q

Bacteria involved in vinegar production

A

Acetobacter aceti

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23
Q

Petroleum pollution controlling bacteria

A

pseudomonas putida (super bug)

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24
Q

Bacteria involved in retting of fibers

A
  1. Clostridium perfringens
  2. Pseudomonas fluorescence
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25
Q

bacteria involved in curing of tea leaves and tobacco leaves respectively

A
  1. Micrococcus candidans
  2. Bacillus megatherium
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26
Q

Bacteria involved in curd, cheese, yogurt production

A

Lactobacillus, Streptococcus lactis

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27
Q

Symbiotically Nitrogen fixing bacteria

A

Rhizobium, Xanthomonas, Frankia

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28
Q

Free living Nitrogen Fixing bacteria

A

Azotobacter, Clostridium, Klebsiella, Beijerinckia

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29
Q

Ammonifying bacteria examples

A

Bacillus vulgaris, B .ramosus

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30
Q

Bacteria that produce antibiotics

A
  1. Bacitracin - bacillus licheniformis
  2. Subtilin - B. subtilis
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31
Q

Identify the bacteria causing the following disease
1. Citrus Canker
2. Tetanus
3. Typhoid
4. Cholera

A
  1. Xanthomonas citri
  2. Clostridium tetani
  3. Salmonella typhi
  4. Vibrio cholera
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32
Q

Halophiles contain a pigment in the membrane that makes it purple , which is

A

Bacterio-rhodopsin

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33
Q

Cyanobacteria are also k/a

A

Blue Green Algae

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34
Q

Cyanobacteria are Gram Positive or Gram Negative bacteria

A

Gram negative bacteria

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35
Q

the most primitive organism to perform oxygenic photosynthesis

A

BGA

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36
Q

BGA living endozoically inside protozoans are called

A

Cyanelle

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37
Q

Nostoc is a

A

Filamentous Blue green Algae

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38
Q

Nitrogen Fixation in Nostoc manly occurs in large specialised cells k/a

A

Heterocyst

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39
Q

What are the different modes of Asexual Reproduction in BGA

A

Binary fission
Hormogonia
heterocyst
fragmentation
Akinetes

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40
Q

What is the reason for Hormogonia

A

Due to formation of biconcave, mucilage filled dead cells called necridia in b/w living cells of trichome, the filament breaks into Hormogonia

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41
Q

BGA played an important role in the evolution of which life form

A

Aerobic Life Form

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42
Q

Which kingdom shows the most extensive metabolism

A

Bacteria

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43
Q

Source of SCP or protein rich animal food is

A

Spirulina

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44
Q

Bacteria are __________ in structure and __________ in behaviour

A

Bacteria are simple in structure and complex in behaviour

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45
Q

Why are Cyanobacteria not considered as Virus

A

As they can replicate in abiotic medium having sterols

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46
Q

which Cyanobacteria fix nitrogen non symbiotically in rice field

A

Tolypothrix and Aulosira

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47
Q

what is the mode of Nutrition in Mycoplasma

A

Heterotrophic mostly parasitic and a few are Saprophytic

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48
Q

Which Bacteria is Pleomorphic

A

Mycoplasma

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49
Q

PPLO stands for and why is it called so

A

Pleuropneumonia like organism as it was found from pleural fluid of cattles suffering from pleuropneumonia

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50
Q

Who discovered mycoplasma

A

E. Nocard and E.R. Roux

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51
Q

_______ are said to be the ancestor of all multicellular eukaryotes

A

Protista

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52
Q

the term protista was coined by

A

Ernst Haeckel

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53
Q

3 Kingdom system of classification was given by and it included

A

Ernst Haeckel
kingdom Plantae, Animalia, Protista

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54
Q

Protozoans are classified into

A
  1. Flagellated Protozoans
  2. Ciliated protozoans
  3. Amoeboid Protozoans
  4. Sporozoans
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55
Q

protistan algae constitute the major portion of

A

phytoplanktons

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56
Q

Photosynthetic Protist are subdivided into

A
  1. Diatoms
  2. Dinoflagellates
  3. Euglenoids
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57
Q

_________ are responsible for almost 50% of the organic matter synthesized in the Biosphere

A

Diatoms

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58
Q

Diatoms lack flagella except in their _________ stage

A

reproductive stage

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59
Q

which Protista is a good indicator of water pollution

A

Diatoms

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60
Q

the cell wall of Diatoms gives _______ like appearance. the upper layer and lower layer are k/a

A

soap box appearance
1. Epitheca and Hypotheca

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61
Q

Diatoms are called

A

Crysophytes

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62
Q

the cell wall in Diatoms is made up of ______ and is responsible for forming

A

Silica
Diatomaceous earth/ diatomite/ kieselguhr

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63
Q

the reserve food in diatoms is _______ and a polysaccharide k/a

A

oils
Leucosin (chrysolaminarin)

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64
Q

What are the examples of Photosynthetic protists

A
  1. Diatoms
  2. Dinoflagellates
  3. Euglenoid
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65
Q

The resting spores in Diatoms are k/a

A

STATOSPORE

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66
Q

The mode of nutrition in Diatoms is ______

A

Holophytic or photoautotrophic

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67
Q

the chief producers of ocean are

A

Chrysophytes or Diatom

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68
Q

The pigments present in Diatoms are

A

chlorophyll a and c, beta carotene, diatoxanthin, diadinoxanthin and FUCOXANTHIN

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69
Q

The body of dinoflagellates is enclosed by a rigid coat called

A

theca or lorica

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70
Q

The pigments in Dinoflagellates are

A

chlorophyll a and c, beta and alpha carotene, xanthophyll

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70
Q

The reserved food in dinoflagellates is

A

Carbohydrates and oil

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71
Q

Dinoflagellates release a toxin k/a ________ in the sea water which cause the disease _____ in man

A

Saxitoxin
PSP Paralytic shell fish poisoning

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72
Q

The flagella in dinoflagellates are _________ i.e. one is __________ and the other is ___________

A

Heterokont i.e. different
1. Longitudinal 2. Transverse

73
Q

Both Flagella in Pyrrophyta are inclined at 90 thus they give a ___________ appearance

A

Whirling whip

74
Q

Dinoflagellates proliferate in large number and cause _______ of the sea. E.G.

A

Red tide
Gonyaulax and Gymnodinium

75
Q

Some dinoflagellates show Bioluminescence i.e. emit light and thus are called as

A

FIRE OF THE OCEAN

76
Q

Protista that are unicellular, motile and bi-flagellated

A

Dinoflagellates

77
Q

Which photosynthetic Protist usually lacks Flagella

78
Q

The reserve food material in Euglenoids is

A

Paramylon i.e. beta 1 -3 glucans

79
Q

Euglenoid are found in

A

fresh water usually stagnant water

80
Q

In Euglenoids cell wall is absent but a proteinaceous structure is present k/a

81
Q

Oblique but parallely arranged strips in pellicle is k/a

82
Q

The Euglenoid movement is k/a

83
Q

The eye spot also k/a ______ contains a photosensitive red orange pigment k/a ______

A

stigma, astaxanthin

84
Q

In the area of union of two flagella in euglenoid there is presence of ________

A

photosensitive paraflagellar body

85
Q

Under favorable condition, Euglenoid reproduce by

A

Longitudinal binary fission

86
Q

During unfavorable condition, euglenoid form ________- and __________

A

palmella stage
cyst

87
Q

Sexual reproduction is not known in which of the Photosynthetic Protists

88
Q

________ Vacuole is present in the Euglenoids and it helps in

A

Contractile Vacuole
It helps in Osmoregulation and excretion

89
Q

Diatoms have ______ meiosis as they have _________ life cycle

A

Gametic
Diplontic Life Cycle

90
Q

Zygote formed during sexual Reproduction in Diatoms are k/a

91
Q

Gymnodium performs which type of meiosis

A

Zygotic Meiosis

92
Q

Noctiluca is a _______ that performs _________ meiosis

A

Dinoflagellate
Gametic Meiosis

93
Q

_________ protist is the connecting link b/w animals fungi and plant and why?

A

Slime Moulds
animal like feature - plasmodium is without cell wall
fungi like feature - Fruiting bodies are formed
plant like feature - cell wall around spores

94
Q

________ phase of slime mould resembles with plants

A

reproductive

95
Q

The mode of nutrition in slime mould is k/a

A

Saprobic and phagotrophic

96
Q

Slime Moulds are found

A

on rotting log of wood, creeping over debris like fallen leaves

97
Q

Sporozoans are found

A

They are endoparasite

98
Q

Paramoecium is an example of

A

Ciliated Protozoans

99
Q

Which protozoan has silica shell in some form

A

Amoeboid Protozoans

100
Q

Special Feature of Sporozoans is

A

Infectious spore like feature stage is present in life cycle

101
Q

The fungi have a ______ life cycle

101
Q

Fungi are mostly found in which habitat

A

Terrestrial

102
Q

Uni cisternal Golgi is present in

103
Q

The cell wall of Fungi is made up of

A

Chitin which is a homopolymer of NAG

104
Q

Chitin is also k/a

A

Fungal Cellulose

105
Q

The Reserve Food material in Fungi is

A

Oil and Glycogen

106
Q

Which Fungi is k/a Imperfect Fungi and Why

A

Deuteromycetes are k/a Imperfect Fungi because they lack Sexual mode of Reproduction

107
Q

What are the steps involved in Sexual Reproduction

A
  1. Plasmogamy - Fusion of Protoplasm
  2. Karyogamy - Fusion of Nucleus
  3. Zygotic Meiosis
108
Q

What is the fungi called if it is found on
i) Wood
ii) keratin
iii) burnt wood
iv) bark
v) cow dung

A

Wood - epixylic
Keratin - Keratinophilous
Burnt wood - xylophilous
Bark- corticolous
cow dung - coprophilous

109
Q

The body of the fungi is not differentiated and is thus k/a

110
Q

All fungi are multicellular except _____ and ______

A

Yeast and Synchytrium

111
Q

A multinucleate hyphae of fungi is named as

A

Coenocytic

112
Q

What is Hyphae and what is mycelium

A

The fungal body is made up of thread like elongated structure k/a Hyphae.
The hyphae cris-cross with one another to form mycelium

113
Q

There are two distinctive phases in Fungi Life Cycle they are

A
  1. Vegetative or assimilative phase
  2. Reproductive phase
114
Q

The pores in septum of are of two types

A
  1. Simple Central Pores
    2.Dolipore Septum
115
Q

What is the difference b/w Holocarpic and Eucarpic

A

Fungal Bodies in which the whole cell gets transformed into reproductive structure is k//a HOLOCARPIC.

Fungal bodies in which a part of mycelium is used up in the development of reproductive structure is k/a EUCARPIC.

116
Q

What are Mitospores

A

Spores produced during asexual reproduction in fungi are formed by mitotic division and are thus called as MITOSPORES

117
Q

Phycomycetes is also k/a

A

Primitive Fungi as Septa is Absent

118
Q

Which Fungi is also k/a as algal Fungi and why?

A

Oomycetes is also k/a algal fungi, this is because it is found in the water and cell wall has cellulose

119
Q

Which Fungi is also k/a Conjugation Fungi

A

Zygomycetes

120
Q

Ascomycets are also k/a

121
Q

Which Fungi is called as Club Fungi

A

Basidiomycetes

122
Q

In which Type of Fungi Asexual Reproduction is absent

A

In Basidiomycetes Asexual Reproduction is absent but vegetative reproduction occurs via fragmentation

123
Q

What are the steps involved in Sexual Reproduction of Fungi

A
  1. Plasmogamy - fusion of protoplast
    *additional Dikaryon (n + n) stage is seen in b/w plasmogamy and karyogamy
  2. Karyogamy - Nuclear Fission
  3. Zygotic Meiosis
124
Q

Haploid spores produced exogenously

A

Basidiospore

125
Q

Haploid Spores produced endogenously are

126
Q

The asexual and sexual spores in oomycetes is

A

Zoospore - asexual
Oospore - Sexual

127
Q

The asexual and sexual spore in Zygomycetes is

A

Sporangiospore - asexual spore
Zygospore - sexual spore

128
Q

The parasitic fungi on mustard causing white rust of leaves is

A

Albugo candida

129
Q

The asexual and sexual spores in Ascomycetes is

A

Conidia - Asexual
Ascospore - sexual

130
Q

The common examples of Zygomycetes are

A

Rhizopus and Mucor- Dung Mould

131
Q

Female sex organ in Ascomycetes is called as

A

ascogonium

132
Q

______ which is also k/a the weed of laboratory is which type of Fungi

A

Aspergillus - It is an ascomycete

133
Q

What is the name of bread mould

134
Q

Neurospora which is a ___ type of fungi is k//a

A

Ascomycete - Drosophila of plant Kingdom

135
Q

Which is the most advanced and commonly seen Fungi

A

Basidiomycetes

136
Q

Which is the most dominant phase of life cycle of Basidiomycetes

A

Secondary Mycelium

137
Q

The site of Karyogamy and meiosis in Ascomycetes is

138
Q

The fruiting bodies in ascomycetes and basidiomycetes are

A

Ascocarp and Basidiocarp

139
Q

The structure in basidiomycetes in which karyogamy and meiosis occurs is k/a

140
Q

The asexual Reproduction body of Deuteromycetes is

141
Q

the asexual reproduction body of Ascomycetes

142
Q

What are the three Examples of Deuteromycetes

A

Trichoderma, Alternaria, Colletotrichum

143
Q

Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association of

A

Fungal roots and Higher plants

144
Q

Plants with mycorrhiza lack

A

root cap and root hair

145
Q

What are the two types of mycorrhiza

A
  1. Endomycorrhiza
  2. Ectomycorrhiza
146
Q

VAM stands for

A

Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza

147
Q

Eg of Endomycorrhiza

A

Orchid roots

148
Q

Eg of Ectomycorrhiza

A

Pinus root

149
Q

In ectomycorrhiza the major group of fungi are

A

Basidiomycetes

150
Q

In Endomycorrhiza the major group of Fungi are

A

Zygomycetes

151
Q

The most efficient means of asexual reproduction in lichen is

152
Q

What are the different means by which Lichens reproduce

A
  1. Progressive death and decay
  2. Fragmentation
  3. Isidia
  4. Soredia
153
Q

The Fungal partner and the algal partner are k/a

A
  1. Mycobiont
  2. Phycobiont
154
Q

Viruses are exception to the

A

cell theory

155
Q

Viruses are connecting links b/w

A

Living and non living entities

156
Q

The term Virus means

A

Venom or Poisonous Fluid

157
Q

The study of Virus is k/a

158
Q

An inert virus is called as

159
Q

Viruses that infect bacteria are called

A

Bacteriophages

160
Q

Prions are discovered by

A

Alper et al.

161
Q

The Mad Cow disease is also k/a

A

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

161
Q

The smallest self replicating particles are k/a

162
Q

What are the different examples of Basidiomycetes

A

Agaricus, Ustilago, Puccinia

163
Q

what are the two main types of reproduction in viruses

A

Phagic
Pinocytic

164
Q

Phagic reproduction is of two types

A

Lytic- T4 Bacteriophage
Lysogenic- lambda phage

165
Q

Viroids cause diseases in ______, the diseases include

A

PSTD - Potato spindle tuber disease
Chrysanthemum stunt
Citrus Exocortis

166
Q

Viroids are devoid of

A

Protein coat

167
Q

Viroids were discovered by

168
Q

Virusoids were discovered by

A

Randle et. al.

169
Q

Plant Viruses are also k/a _______.
what is the common genetic material in them

A

Phytophagineae - ss RNA

170
Q

Bacterial Viruses contain which Genetic material

171
Q

Animal Viruses are also k/a ______
what is the common type of genetic material

A

Zoophagineae
ss or ds RNA or dsDNA

172
Q

What are the smaller units of Capsids

173
Q

In which reproduction of viruses the whole of virus enters the cell

174
Q

In TMV the ratio of Capsomere : Nucleotide is

A

2130 : 6400 = 1:3

175
Q

Who demonstrated that infected plants of tobacco could cause infection in healthy plant

A

M.W. Beijernick

176
Q

What does Contagium Vivum Fluid mean

A

Infectious living fluid

177
Q

Who crystallized viruses for the first time? He crystallized which virus

A

W.M. Stanley crystallized TMV

178
Q

What did D.J Ivanowsky discover

A

He discovered that certain microbes can pass through bacterial filter

Botany NEET (9 decks)

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