CH ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANT Flashcards
1
Q
What is Anatomy
A
The study of Internal Structures of an organism is called as ANATOMY
2
Q
The plant issues are broadly classified into
A
- Meristematic Tissue
- Permanent tissue
3
Q
What is the basic criterion for classifying plant tissue
A
The basic criterion for classifying plant tissue is the persistence or loss of the ability to divide
4
Q
______ are responsible for formation of primary plant body
A
Meristematic Tissues
5
Q
What are meristems?
A
Meristems are specialized areas in the plant body that possess meristematic tissues
6
Q
What are the different types of meristems on the basis of the position in the plant body
A
- Apical Meristem 2. Intercalary Meristem 3. Lateral Meristem
7
Q
What is Axil
A
The angle between the upper surface of leaf stalk and the stem that bears it
8
Q
What do you mean by Intercalary meristem
A
Intercalary meristems are intercalated in between the mature tissues i.e. the permanent tissues.
9
Q
Lateral Meristems are present in plant that show
A
secondary growth
10
Q
What are the different examples of Lateral Meristems?
A
- Fascicular Vascular Cambium
- Interfascicular Meristem
- Cork Cambium
11
Q
Fascicular Vascular Cambium is also k/a
A
Intrafascicular Vascular Cambium
12
Q
Permanenet tissues are of two types
A
- Simple Permanent Tissues
- Complex Permanent Tissues
13
Q
The tissue that forms the major component of the plant body is
A
Parenchymatous tissue
14
Q
The dead Permanent tissue are
A
Sclerenchyma
15
Q
What are the different Complex Permanent Tissues
A
- Xylem
- Phloem
16
Q
The phenomenon leading to maturation of plant cells is k/a
A
Differentiation
17
Q
What are the different types of simple permanent tissues
A
- Parenchyma
- Sclerenchyma
- Collenchyma
18
Q
What are Simple Permanent tissues
A
A tissue that is made up of only one kind of cell is k/a Simple Permanent tissues
19
Q
Which cells are also k/a Living cells in the plant body
A
The parenchymatous cells are k/a Living cell
20
Q
The cell wall of Parenchyma is made up of
A
Cellulose
21
Q
Chloroplast containing parenchyma is
A
Chlorenchyma
22
Q
What are hydrophytes
A
Plants living in the water are k/a Hydrophytes
23
Q
What is Aerenchyma? What is its function
A
Aerenchyma is a specialized Parenchyma found in hydrophytes. It helps in providing buoyancy. It has Large air cavities present
24
Q
Collenchyma is a living/dead tissue
A
Collenchyma is a living tissue
25
All of the cells of parenchyma are _____ in shape
Isodiametric
26
What is the function of Parenchyma
1. Storage of food
2. Photosynthesis
3. Secretion - they secrete substances like resin, nectar and oil
27
What is the function of collenchyma
1. It helps to provide mechanical support to growing parts of the plant
2. It also helps in photosynthesis, if it possess chloroplast
28
Sclerenchyma is a greek word meaning
Hard tissue
29
What are the different types of Sclerenchyma
1. Sclerenchymatous fiber
2. Sclereids
30
The cell walls of Collenchyma are made up of
Cellulose, Hemicellulose and pectin
31
The cell wall of Sclerenchyma is made up of
Lignin
32
The gritty texture of fruits like guava, pear, sapota is due to the presence of
Sclereids
33
What are the different elements of Xylem
Tracheids, Vessels, Xylem Parenchyma and Xylem Fibres
34
What are the different elements of Phloem
Sieve tubes, Companion cells, Phloem Parenchyma and Phloem Fibers
35
What are Tracheids
Tracheids are the elongated cells with tapering end
36
The only Living cell of Xylem
Xylem Parenchyma
37
The only dead cell of Phloem is
Phloem Fibers
38
The phloem fibres are also k/a
Bast Fibers
39
What is Xylem
Xylem is a Complex Permanent Tissue. It is the chief water conducting tissue of the plant. It helps to provide strength to the plant
40
In which Plants Tracheids are found
Tracheids are found in Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
41
What are the different types of thickening in the inner wall of Lignin
1. Annular
2. Spiral
3. Scalariform
4. Reticulate
5. Pitted
42
Vessels are also called as
Tracheae
43
When Lignin is deposited in a ladder like manner, then the type of tracheid is
Scalariform type
44
When lignin is deposited in a net like manner, then the type of Tracheids is
Reticulate Type
45
Name the vessel-less families of angiosperms
Tetracentraceae, Winteraceae, Trochodendraceae
46
Xylem fibres are made up of _________ fibers
Sclerenchymatous Fiber
47
Parenchymatous cells which help in radial conduction of water are called as
Ray parenchyma cell
48
Phloem Fibers of which plants are used for commercial use
Phloem Fibers of Jute, Flax and Hemp
49
What are the different types of phloem
There are two types of Phloem -
1. Primary Phloem
2. Secondary Phloem
50
What is Protophloem and Meta Phloem
The first formed primary phloem is called Protophloem and the later formed primary phloem is called as Metaphloem
51
The sieve tubes and Companion cells are ontogenetically related and thus are called as
Sister Cells
52
Which has narrower sieve tubes Protophloem or Metaphloem
Protophloem has more more narrower sieve tube
53
Sieve tubes are absent in __________ but they have ______ present
Sieve Tubes are absent in Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms but they have Sieve cells Present
54
Sieve Tube elements are the __________ part of the plant
Sieve tube elements are the food conducting part of the plant
55
What is the function of Companion cells
They help to maintain the pressure gradient in the sieve tubes
56
Who lack Companion cells
Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms
57
Gymnosperms possess _______ in place of Companion cells
Albuminous cells
58
Phloem Parenchyma is absent in
Monocots
59
What are Pit fields
Areas of greatly reduced thickness in the walls of plant cells
60
What is the function of pit Fields
Pit Fields help to maintain cytoplasmic Connection between sieve tube elemnts and the companion cell
61
What are the different types of Tissue System Present in the plants
The different types of tissue system are :
1. Epidermal Tissue System
2. Ground Tissue System
3. Vascular or Fascicular or Conducting tissue system
62
The outermost covering of the plant body is made up of which tissue system
Epidermal Tissue System
63
The epidermal tissue comprises of
1. Epidermal Cells
2. Epidermal Structure - stomata
3. Epidermal Appendages - trichomes and hair
64
Epidermis is usually single layered but may be multilayered in
Nerium and Ficus
65
Root Epidermis is termed as
Epiblema, Piliferous layer or rhizodermis
66
What is Cuticle?
Cuticle is a thick waxy coating present on the outer surface of the cells. It is made due to deposition of thick waxy coating k/a Cutin
67
Cuticle is absent in
Roots and Hydrophytes
68
Bulliform cells are found in
Leaves of monocot leaves
69
Stomata are absent in
Epidermis of root
70
Epidermal cells do not perform photosynthesis except
Guard Cells
71
The guard cells in Monocot leaves are
Dumb bell shaped
72
Subsidiary cells are also called as
Accessory cells
73
What makes up the stomatal apparatus
Stomatal aperture, Guard cell and Subsidiary cells make up the stomatal apparatus
74
What is an appendage
An appendage is an outgrowth from external surface of the body
75
Root hairs are ______ elongation
Unicellular Elongation
76
What is the function of root hair
Root Hair help to increase the Surface Area for absorption in the roots
77
What is the function of Subsidiary cells
Subsidiary cells help to provide support to guard cells
78
What is the function of trichomes
Trichomes are epidermal hairs present on the stem. They help to prevent water loss due to transpiration
79
The Ground tissue system is also k/ a
The fundamental tissue System
80
In leaves of Monocot and Dicot plants, the ground tissue is not differentiated and is k/a
Mesophyll
81
What is Stele? It comprises of?
All the tissues inner to Endodermis form the stele. It comprises of Pericycle, Vascular Bundle and Pith.
82
What are the three sub zones of cortex
Cortex is divided into three zones-
1. Hypodermis
2. General Cortex
3. Endodermis
83
The cells of Endodermis appear
Barrel Shaped
84
Hypodermis is absent in
Roots
85
The function of hypodermis
Hypodermis is protective in function and may also perform photosynthesis if chloroplast is present.
86
Casparian strip are made up of
Suberin
87
The outermost portion of stele is
Pericycle
88
Cells of Endodermis without casparian strip is
Passage cells
89
Pith is called as
Medulla
90
Pith rays are also k/a
Medullary Rays
91
The pith rays help in formation of
Interfascicular Cambium
92
Pericycle is not present in
Monocotyledonous Stems
93
Pericycle gives rise to
Lateral Roots
94
Which part of Phloem is absent in most monocotyledons
Phloem Parenchyma is absent in most monocots
95
Cambium is absent in
Monocots
96
What is the difference b/w Open and Closed Vascular Bundles
In open Vascular Bundle cambium is present between Xylem and Phloem
In closed Vascular Bundle Cambium is not present b/w Xylem and Phloem
97
What is Radial Vascular Bundles. They are present in
Radial Vascular bundles are those in which the xylem and phloem are present in different radii. They are present in Roots of Dicot and Monocots
98
In monocot and dicot stem we have _______ condition and the xylem is
Endarch Condition and he xylem is Centrifugal Xylem
99
In monocots and dicot root we have _____ condition and the xylem is
Exarch condition, and the xylem is Centripetal Xylem
100
When four xylem bundles are present then the root is called as
Tetrarch
101
Pith is not well developed in roots of _________. It is ______
Pith is not well developed in the roots of dicots. It is small and inconspicuous
102
Pith is large and well developed in the roots of
Monocots
103
The hypodermis is constituted of _______ cells in Monocots and _______ in Dicots
In Monocots, there are Sclerenchyma cells in the hypodermis and in dicots there are Collenchyma cells in hypodermis
104
The inner most layer of cortex in Dicot stem _________, stores starch grain and is called as ______
Endodermis stores starch grain and is k/a Starch Sheath
105
What are the two characteristic feature of Monocot stem
1. Each Vascular Bundle is surrounded by a sheath of sclerenchyma tissue called as Bundle sheath.
2. Water containing cavities in vascular bundles is a characteristics feature of Monocot stem
106
The ground tissue in Monocot stem is made up of
The ground tissue in Monocot stem is made up of Parenchymatous cell
107
________ arrangement of Vascular bundles is seen in Dicot stem
Ring Arrangement is seen in Vascular bundles of Dicot stem
108
Which structure is well developed in roots but poorly developed or absent in stem
Endodermis
109
Pith is not well developed in
Dicot root and Monocot stem
110
In leaf, Xylem faces _____ epidermis and phloem faces ____ epidermis
Xylem faces Upper Epidermis and Phloem faces lower epidermis
111
The main photosynthetic organ of the plant is
Leaf
112
which leaf is found in Dicotyledonous plant and which leaf in Monocotyledonous plant
Dicot plant have Dorsiventral Leaves and Monocot plant have Isobilateral leaves
113
Upper surface of a leaf is called as ______ surface
Ventral or Adaxial surface
114
Lower surface of leaf is called as
Abaxial or Dorsal Surface
115
In Dicot leaves more stomata is usually present on
The lower or abaxial Surface
116
The mesophyll is divided into two regions, they are
1. Palisade Parenchyma
2. Spongy Parenchyma
117
What is the function of bulliform cells?
Bulliform cells help in rolling of leaves during drought or lack of water
118
In Dicot leaf Vascular Bundle differ in size due to the presence of
Reticulate Venation
119
The bulliform cells are present in which _______ epidermis
Adaxial Epidermis
120
Differentiated mesophyll is absent in __ leaf
Monocot leaf
121
Which simple permanent tissue is found in Monocot Plant
Collenchyma
122
