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Botany NEET > CH ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANT > Flashcards

CH ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANT Flashcards

1
Q

What is Anatomy

A

The study of Internal Structures of an organism is called as ANATOMY

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2
Q

The plant issues are broadly classified into

A
  1. Meristematic Tissue
  2. Permanent tissue
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3
Q

What is the basic criterion for classifying plant tissue

A

The basic criterion for classifying plant tissue is the persistence or loss of the ability to divide

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4
Q

______ are responsible for formation of primary plant body

A

Meristematic Tissues

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5
Q

What are meristems?

A

Meristems are specialized areas in the plant body that possess meristematic tissues

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6
Q

What are the different types of meristems on the basis of the position in the plant body

A
  1. Apical Meristem 2. Intercalary Meristem 3. Lateral Meristem
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7
Q

What is Axil

A

The angle between the upper surface of leaf stalk and the stem that bears it

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8
Q

What do you mean by Intercalary meristem

A

Intercalary meristems are intercalated in between the mature tissues i.e. the permanent tissues.

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9
Q

Lateral Meristems are present in plant that show

A

secondary growth

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10
Q

What are the different examples of Lateral Meristems?

A
  1. Fascicular Vascular Cambium
  2. Interfascicular Meristem
  3. Cork Cambium
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11
Q

Fascicular Vascular Cambium is also k/a

A

Intrafascicular Vascular Cambium

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12
Q

Permanenet tissues are of two types

A
  1. Simple Permanent Tissues
  2. Complex Permanent Tissues
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13
Q

The tissue that forms the major component of the plant body is

A

Parenchymatous tissue

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14
Q

The dead Permanent tissue are

A

Sclerenchyma

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15
Q

What are the different Complex Permanent Tissues

A
  1. Xylem
  2. Phloem
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16
Q

The phenomenon leading to maturation of plant cells is k/a

A

Differentiation

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17
Q

What are the different types of simple permanent tissues

A
  1. Parenchyma
  2. Sclerenchyma
  3. Collenchyma
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18
Q

What are Simple Permanent tissues

A

A tissue that is made up of only one kind of cell is k/a Simple Permanent tissues

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19
Q

Which cells are also k/a Living cells in the plant body

A

The parenchymatous cells are k/a Living cell

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20
Q

The cell wall of Parenchyma is made up of

A

Cellulose

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21
Q

Chloroplast containing parenchyma is

A

Chlorenchyma

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22
Q

What are hydrophytes

A

Plants living in the water are k/a Hydrophytes

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23
Q

What is Aerenchyma? What is its function

A

Aerenchyma is a specialized Parenchyma found in hydrophytes. It helps in providing buoyancy. It has Large air cavities present

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24
Q

Collenchyma is a living/dead tissue

A

Collenchyma is a living tissue

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25
Q

All of the cells of parenchyma are _____ in shape

A

Isodiametric

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26
Q

What is the function of Parenchyma

A
  1. Storage of food
  2. Photosynthesis
  3. Secretion - they secrete substances like resin, nectar and oil
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27
Q

What is the function of collenchyma

A
  1. It helps to provide mechanical support to growing parts of the plant
  2. It also helps in photosynthesis, if it possess chloroplast
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28
Q

Sclerenchyma is a greek word meaning

A

Hard tissue

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29
Q

What are the different types of Sclerenchyma

A
  1. Sclerenchymatous fiber
  2. Sclereids
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30
Q

The cell walls of Collenchyma are made up of

A

Cellulose, Hemicellulose and pectin

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31
Q

The cell wall of Sclerenchyma is made up of

A

Lignin

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32
Q

The gritty texture of fruits like guava, pear, sapota is due to the presence of

A

Sclereids

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33
Q

What are the different elements of Xylem

A

Tracheids, Vessels, Xylem Parenchyma and Xylem Fibres

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34
Q

What are the different elements of Phloem

A

Sieve tubes, Companion cells, Phloem Parenchyma and Phloem Fibers

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35
Q

What are Tracheids

A

Tracheids are the elongated cells with tapering end

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36
Q

The only Living cell of Xylem

A

Xylem Parenchyma

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37
Q

The only dead cell of Phloem is

A

Phloem Fibers

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38
Q

The phloem fibres are also k/a

A

Bast Fibers

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39
Q

What is Xylem

A

Xylem is a Complex Permanent Tissue. It is the chief water conducting tissue of the plant. It helps to provide strength to the plant

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40
Q

In which Plants Tracheids are found

A

Tracheids are found in Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

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41
Q

What are the different types of thickening in the inner wall of Lignin

A
  1. Annular
  2. Spiral
  3. Scalariform
  4. Reticulate
  5. Pitted
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42
Q

Vessels are also called as

A

Tracheae

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43
Q

When Lignin is deposited in a ladder like manner, then the type of tracheid is

A

Scalariform type

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44
Q

When lignin is deposited in a net like manner, then the type of Tracheids is

A

Reticulate Type

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45
Q

Name the vessel-less families of angiosperms

A

Tetracentraceae, Winteraceae, Trochodendraceae

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46
Q

Xylem fibres are made up of _________ fibers

A

Sclerenchymatous Fiber

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47
Q

Parenchymatous cells which help in radial conduction of water are called as

A

Ray parenchyma cell

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48
Q

Phloem Fibers of which plants are used for commercial use

A

Phloem Fibers of Jute, Flax and Hemp

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49
Q

What are the different types of phloem

A

There are two types of Phloem -
1. Primary Phloem
2. Secondary Phloem

50
Q

What is Protophloem and Meta Phloem

A

The first formed primary phloem is called Protophloem and the later formed primary phloem is called as Metaphloem

51
Q

The sieve tubes and Companion cells are ontogenetically related and thus are called as

A

Sister Cells

52
Q

Which has narrower sieve tubes Protophloem or Metaphloem

A

Protophloem has more more narrower sieve tube

53
Q

Sieve tubes are absent in __________ but they have ______ present

A

Sieve Tubes are absent in Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms but they have Sieve cells Present

54
Q

Sieve Tube elements are the __________ part of the plant

A

Sieve tube elements are the food conducting part of the plant

55
Q

What is the function of Companion cells

A

They help to maintain the pressure gradient in the sieve tubes

56
Q

Who lack Companion cells

A

Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms

57
Q

Gymnosperms possess _______ in place of Companion cells

A

Albuminous cells

58
Q

Phloem Parenchyma is absent in

A

Monocots

59
Q

What are Pit fields

A

Areas of greatly reduced thickness in the walls of plant cells

60
Q

What is the function of pit Fields

A

Pit Fields help to maintain cytoplasmic Connection between sieve tube elemnts and the companion cell

61
Q

What are the different types of Tissue System Present in the plants

A

The different types of tissue system are :
1. Epidermal Tissue System
2. Ground Tissue System
3. Vascular or Fascicular or Conducting tissue system

62
Q

The outermost covering of the plant body is made up of which tissue system

A

Epidermal Tissue System

63
Q

The epidermal tissue comprises of

A
  1. Epidermal Cells
  2. Epidermal Structure - stomata
  3. Epidermal Appendages - trichomes and hair
64
Q

Epidermis is usually single layered but may be multilayered in

A

Nerium and Ficus

65
Q

Root Epidermis is termed as

A

Epiblema, Piliferous layer or rhizodermis

66
Q

What is Cuticle?

A

Cuticle is a thick waxy coating present on the outer surface of the cells. It is made due to deposition of thick waxy coating k/a Cutin

67
Q

Cuticle is absent in

A

Roots and Hydrophytes

68
Q

Bulliform cells are found in

A

Leaves of monocot leaves

69
Q

Stomata are absent in

A

Epidermis of root

70
Q

Epidermal cells do not perform photosynthesis except

A

Guard Cells

71
Q

The guard cells in Monocot leaves are

A

Dumb bell shaped

72
Q

Subsidiary cells are also called as

A

Accessory cells

73
Q

What makes up the stomatal apparatus

A

Stomatal aperture, Guard cell and Subsidiary cells make up the stomatal apparatus

74
Q

What is an appendage

A

An appendage is an outgrowth from external surface of the body

75
Q

Root hairs are ______ elongation

A

Unicellular Elongation

76
Q

What is the function of root hair

A

Root Hair help to increase the Surface Area for absorption in the roots

77
Q

What is the function of Subsidiary cells

A

Subsidiary cells help to provide support to guard cells

78
Q

What is the function of trichomes

A

Trichomes are epidermal hairs present on the stem. They help to prevent water loss due to transpiration

79
Q

The Ground tissue system is also k/ a

A

The fundamental tissue System

80
Q

In leaves of Monocot and Dicot plants, the ground tissue is not differentiated and is k/a

A

Mesophyll

81
Q

What is Stele? It comprises of?

A

All the tissues inner to Endodermis form the stele. It comprises of Pericycle, Vascular Bundle and Pith.

82
Q

What are the three sub zones of cortex

A

Cortex is divided into three zones-
1. Hypodermis
2. General Cortex
3. Endodermis

83
Q

The cells of Endodermis appear

A

Barrel Shaped

84
Q

Hypodermis is absent in

A

Roots

85
Q

The function of hypodermis

A

Hypodermis is protective in function and may also perform photosynthesis if chloroplast is present.

86
Q

Casparian strip are made up of

A

Suberin

87
Q

The outermost portion of stele is

A

Pericycle

88
Q

Cells of Endodermis without casparian strip is

A

Passage cells

89
Q

Pith is called as

A

Medulla

90
Q

Pith rays are also k/a

A

Medullary Rays

91
Q

The pith rays help in formation of

A

Interfascicular Cambium

92
Q

Pericycle is not present in

A

Monocotyledonous Stems

93
Q

Pericycle gives rise to

A

Lateral Roots

94
Q

Which part of Phloem is absent in most monocotyledons

A

Phloem Parenchyma is absent in most monocots

95
Q

Cambium is absent in

A

Monocots

96
Q

What is the difference b/w Open and Closed Vascular Bundles

A

In open Vascular Bundle cambium is present between Xylem and Phloem
In closed Vascular Bundle Cambium is not present b/w Xylem and Phloem

97
Q

What is Radial Vascular Bundles. They are present in

A

Radial Vascular bundles are those in which the xylem and phloem are present in different radii. They are present in Roots of Dicot and Monocots

98
Q

In monocot and dicot stem we have _______ condition and the xylem is

A

Endarch Condition and he xylem is Centrifugal Xylem

99
Q

In monocots and dicot root we have _____ condition and the xylem is

A

Exarch condition, and the xylem is Centripetal Xylem

100
Q

When four xylem bundles are present then the root is called as

A

Tetrarch

101
Q

Pith is not well developed in roots of _________. It is ______

A

Pith is not well developed in the roots of dicots. It is small and inconspicuous

102
Q

Pith is large and well developed in the roots of

A

Monocots

103
Q

The hypodermis is constituted of _______ cells in Monocots and _______ in Dicots

A

In Monocots, there are Sclerenchyma cells in the hypodermis and in dicots there are Collenchyma cells in hypodermis

104
Q

The inner most layer of cortex in Dicot stem _________, stores starch grain and is called as ______

A

Endodermis stores starch grain and is k/a Starch Sheath

105
Q

What are the two characteristic feature of Monocot stem

A
  1. Each Vascular Bundle is surrounded by a sheath of sclerenchyma tissue called as Bundle sheath.
  2. Water containing cavities in vascular bundles is a characteristics feature of Monocot stem
106
Q

The ground tissue in Monocot stem is made up of

A

The ground tissue in Monocot stem is made up of Parenchymatous cell

107
Q

________ arrangement of Vascular bundles is seen in Dicot stem

A

Ring Arrangement is seen in Vascular bundles of Dicot stem

108
Q

Which structure is well developed in roots but poorly developed or absent in stem

A

Endodermis

109
Q

Pith is not well developed in

A

Dicot root and Monocot stem

110
Q

In leaf, Xylem faces _____ epidermis and phloem faces ____ epidermis

A

Xylem faces Upper Epidermis and Phloem faces lower epidermis

111
Q

The main photosynthetic organ of the plant is

A

Leaf

112
Q

which leaf is found in Dicotyledonous plant and which leaf in Monocotyledonous plant

A

Dicot plant have Dorsiventral Leaves and Monocot plant have Isobilateral leaves

113
Q

Upper surface of a leaf is called as ______ surface

A

Ventral or Adaxial surface

114
Q

Lower surface of leaf is called as

A

Abaxial or Dorsal Surface

115
Q

In Dicot leaves more stomata is usually present on

A

The lower or abaxial Surface

116
Q

The mesophyll is divided into two regions, they are

A
  1. Palisade Parenchyma
  2. Spongy Parenchyma
117
Q

What is the function of bulliform cells?

A

Bulliform cells help in rolling of leaves during drought or lack of water

118
Q

In Dicot leaf Vascular Bundle differ in size due to the presence of

A

Reticulate Venation

119
Q

The bulliform cells are present in which _______ epidermis

A

Adaxial Epidermis

120
Q

Differentiated mesophyll is absent in __ leaf

A

Monocot leaf

121
Q

Which simple permanent tissue is found in Monocot Plant

A

Collenchyma

122
Q
A

Botany NEET (9 decks)

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