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Botany NEET > Ch 8 Cell The Unit Of Life > Flashcards

Ch 8 Cell The Unit Of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Name the two scientists that proposed the cell theory

A

A german botanist Matthias Schleiden and British zoologist Theodore Schwann

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2
Q

What did Rudolf Virchow Conclude

A

Omnis cellula e cellula i.e New cells arise from old cell

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3
Q

Rod shaped Bacteria

A

Bacillus

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4
Q

Circular Shaped Bacteria

A

Coccus

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5
Q

Comma Shaped Bacteria

A

Vibrio

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6
Q

Spiral Shaped Bacteria

A

Spirillum

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7
Q

Name the layers that form cell envelope

A

Glycocalyx, cell wall and plasma membrane

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8
Q

m-RNA + Ribosomes

A

Polysome or polyribosome

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9
Q

Cell without cell wall

A

Protoplast

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10
Q

Protoplast without non living materials

A

Protoplasm

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11
Q

Protoplasm without nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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12
Q

Cytoplasm without cell organelles is

A

Cytosol

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13
Q

Bacterial flagellum part

A

Filament, hook and basal body

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14
Q

Which is the most accepted model of the plasma membrane

A

The fluid mosaic model proposed by Singer and Nicholson in 1972 is the most accepted model of PM

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15
Q

what is middle lamella made up of

A

calcium pectate

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16
Q

proteins in the PM are divided into two types based on ________ and they are __________

A
  1. their location
  2. Integral/ Intrinsic/ Internal Protein and Peripheral/ External Extrinsic Protein
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17
Q

In the Fluid Mosaic Model the fluid is ______ and the mosaic is __________. They are present in %

A
  1. lipid 40% Quasi Fluid Proteins
  2. Protein 52%
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18
Q

Cell Wall in Bacteria is made up of

A

peptidoglycan or murein or mucopeptide

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19
Q

Cell wall in Fungi is Made up of

A

CHITIN ( Homopolymer of n-ACETYL Glucosamine)

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20
Q

Cell Wall in Higher Plants is made up of

A

Cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and proteins

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21
Q

Cell wall in Algae is made up of

A

Cellulose, Galactan, mannnan, minerals like calcium carbonate

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22
Q

What is the function Plasmodesmata

A
  1. connects the cytoplasm of two adjacent cells
  2. symplast (living) system within the dead wall
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23
Q

Plasmodesmata is lined by

A

Plasma Membrane

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24
Q

Plasma Membrane is made up

A

Lipids and Proteins

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25
Q

The endomembrane system consists of

A

E.R., Golgi Apparatus, Vesicles, Lysosomes

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26
Q

The SER in the muscles is

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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27
Q

Detoxification of Drugs, alcohol, pollutants is done by _______ with the enzyme ________-

A
  1. SER
  2. cytochrome P450
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28
Q

Golgi Apparatus was named by

A

Camillo Golgi

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29
Q

Golgi in PLANT CELLS are called as

A

Dictyosomes

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30
Q

Modified Golgi Vesicle is called as

A

Acrosomes

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31
Q

In which cells Golgi are absent

A
  1. Mature Sieve Tubes
  2. Mature Mammalian RBCs
  3. Sperms of Bryophtes and pteridophytes
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32
Q

what are the two faces of Golgi

A
  1. Cis/ Forming/ Convex Face
  2. Trans/ Maturing/ Concave Face
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33
Q

m-RNA + Ribosomes = ___________
its Functions _________

A
  1. Polysome/ Polyribosomes
  2. It helps to translate m-RNA to proteins
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34
Q

which cell organelle is Polymorphic in Nature

A

Lysosomes

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35
Q

What is Single membrane of Vacuoles called

A

Tonoplast

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36
Q

Vital Stain in Mitochondria

A

Janus Green

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37
Q

Fat storing Leucoplast

A

Elaioplast

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38
Q

Starch Storing Leucoplast

A

Amyloplast

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39
Q

Protein Storing Leucoplast

A

Aleuroplast

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40
Q

Which Cell Organelles are part of the Endosymbiotic Theory or are Semi Autonomous in nature

A
  1. Mitochondria
  2. Plastids
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41
Q

What are the different types of Vacuoles

A
  1. Contractile Vacuole
  2. Food Vacuole
  3. Gas Vacuole/ Pseudostratified Vacuole
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42
Q

What is the site of Light Reaction

A

Granum or Thylakoid

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43
Q

What is the site of Dark Reaction

A

Stroma

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44
Q

Chromoplast is made up of _____ soluble ____ pigment like _______and _______-

A

Fat soluble
carotenoid pigment
like carotene, Xanthophylls

45
Q

the three plastids are not interconvertible.
true/ false

A

False.
The three plastids are interconvertible

46
Q

Which Cell organelle is polymorphic in nature

A

Lysosomes

47
Q

Ribosomes were showed by _______ and Thus they are also called as __________

A
  1. George Palade
  2. Palade Particles
48
Q

The 2 sub units of Ribosomes are joined by

A

Mg 2+

49
Q

Which organelle is called as Universal Organelle

A

Ribosomes as it is present in both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

50
Q

Lysosomes were Named by

A

de Duve

51
Q

Ribosomes are Composed of

A
  1. R RNA
  2. Proteins
52
Q

What are the 2 types of protein synthesis by ribosome

A
  1. Non secretory protein by the ribosomes present in the cytoplasm
  2. Secretory Protein by ribosomes present on the E.R.
53
Q

What is lumen?

A

It is the space enclosed by a membrane

54
Q

The ER divides the intercellular space into two compartments, they are __________

A
  1. Luminal Compartments
  2. Extra Luminal Compartments
55
Q

The ultrastructure of ER consists of ___________. State their function

A
  1. Cisternae - Ribosomes attached, Helps in protein Synthesis
  2. Vesicles
    3.Tubules - No ribosomes, helps in steroid and lipid synthesis
56
Q

There is 1 cisternae in the Golgi of Fungi and it is called ______

A

Uni cisternal Golgi

57
Q

Mitochondria Divide by _____

A

fission

58
Q

Contractile Vacuole is present in ________- for___________

A
  1. Amoeba
  2. Excretion and osmoregulation
59
Q

Name the different types of cytoskeleton

A
  1. Microtubules
  2. Micro Filament
  3. Intermediate Particles
60
Q

What is the diameter of Microtubules

A

25 nanometer

61
Q

where is microtubules present?

A

It is present in the basal body of cilia and flagella, Centrioles and spindle fibers and cytoplasmic matrix

62
Q

which protein is Microtubules made up of

A

alpha and beta tubulin protein, which is Non Contractile protein

63
Q

what is cytokinesis

A

It is the division of cytoplasm

64
Q

Intermediate Filament are present around _______

A

nucleus

65
Q

Intermediate filament is made up of ______- protein and is __________ in nature

A
  1. Acidic Protein
  2. Non contractile
66
Q

Microfilament is made up of ________ protein which is ________ protein

A
  1. actin
  2. Contractile
67
Q

Microfilament are found associated with _______

A

P.M.

68
Q

what is Centrosome made up of ?

A

It is made up of two Cylindrical Structures called as Centrioles

69
Q

Centrosomes are absent in

A

Higher Plants

70
Q

Centrosphere is also called as

A

Kinoplasm

71
Q

Centrosomes are also called as

A

Diplosomes

72
Q

Massulae is also called as _______ or ________

A
  1. Pericentriolar satellite
  2. MTG Microtubule Generator
73
Q

What are the function of Centrosomes

A
  1. Helps in Formation of Basal body of cilia and flagella
  2. helps in spindle fiber formation
74
Q

The arrangement in centrioles is called as ____ or __________

A
  1. 9+0 arrangement
  2. Cartwheel arrangement
75
Q

The core of cilia and flagella is called as

A

Axoneme

76
Q

Dynein has which enzyme

A

ATPase Enzyme that helps to break ATP

77
Q

Nucleus was discovered by _________ in the year __________

A
  1. Robert Brown
  2. 1831
78
Q

Which protein links Microtubules

A

Nexin

79
Q

Cilia and flagella have _________ arrangement. and the total no of microtubules=

A

9+2 arrangement
9*2 = 18 + 2 = 20
18 periphery
2 at Center

80
Q

In Cilia and flagella there are Microtubular___________

A

Doublets

81
Q

What is the function of Nuclear Pore

A

It helps in Bidirectional Movement of Materials

82
Q

The name chromatin was given by ______-

A

Flemming

83
Q

Nucleus was discovered by ______ in ______.

A
  1. Robert Brown
  2. 1831
84
Q

Chromatin are converted into chromosomes using which protein

A

Histone Protein

85
Q

Anucleated cell ex..

A
  1. Mature mammalian RBCs
  2. Mature Sieve Tubes
86
Q

Site of m RNA synthesis in Nucleus

A

Neucoplasm

87
Q

Site of r RNA synthesis

A

Nucleolus

88
Q

Nuclear Pore helps in _____

A

Bidirectional Movement of substances

89
Q

Chromatin is stained by

A
  1. Acetocarmine
  2. Fuelgen stain
90
Q

Chromatid has two regions, they are

A
  1. Heterochromatin Region
  2. Euchromatin Region
91
Q

Telomere is rich in ________
and it prevents _________.

A
  1. Amino Acids
  2. Shortening of Chromosomes
92
Q

What is the function of Kinetochore

A

It provides site for attachment of Spindle Fiber

93
Q

Centromere is the ________ of DNA

A

Primary Constriction of DNA

94
Q

The secondary constriction of DNA is

A

Satellite

95
Q

Chromosomes with Single chromatids are _______ and with double Chromatids are ______________.

A
  1. Monad Chromosomes
  2. Dyad Chromosomes
96
Q

In Humans we have ____ pair of satellite chromosomes they are ____.

A
  1. 5
  2. 13, 14, 15, 21, 22
97
Q

DNA Thread is also called as ________.

A

Chromonemata

98
Q

The 4 types of Chromosomes are

A
  1. Metacentric Chromosomes
  2. Sub Metacentric Chromosomes
  3. Acrocentric Chromosomes
  4. Telocentric Chromosomes
99
Q

What are the 4 shapes of Chromosomes

A

V, J, L and I

100
Q

What is a karyotype

A

Features by which a particular set of chromosomes is identified

101
Q

the graphical representation of Karyotype is

A

Idiogram

102
Q

Which Chromosome acquires I shape during anaphase

A

Telocentric Chromosomes

103
Q

which chromosome has two equal arms or ________ arms?

A
  1. Metacentric Chromosome
  2. Isobrachial
104
Q

In human males the Y chromosome is a/an ________ chromosome

A

Acrocentric Chromosome

105
Q

What are the types of Microbodies

A
  1. Peroxisomes
  2. Sphaerosomes
  3. Glyoxysomes
106
Q

What are the types of Microbodies

A
  1. Peroxisomes
  2. Sphaerosomes
  3. Glyoxysomes
107
Q

Enzyme for breakdown of Peroxide

A

Catalase

108
Q

What is also called as Plant Lysosome

A

Sphaerosomes

109
Q

What is Glycoxylate Cycle? It is also Known as

A

Fat is converted into Carbohydrates
Also known as Gluconeogenesis

Botany NEET (9 decks)

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