Ch. 9- Synovial Joints Features Flashcards
What are the 6 features of synovial joints?
1) articular cartilage
2) joint cavity
3) articular capsule
4) synovial fluid
5) reinforcing ligaments
6) nerves and blood vessels
What is articular cartilage?
Articulating surface of synovial joints are covered by this (hyaline cartilage)
Prevents bones from touching
What is a joint cavity?
Joint space that contains synovial fluid
What is articular capsule?
2 layers:
1) outer fibrous capsule (dense irregular CT)
2) inner synovial membrane
Continuous with periosteum
Strengthens the joint so the bones are not pulled apart
What is synovial membrane?
CT membrane
Lines moving articulating joint cavities
Makes up inner layer if the articular capsule
No epithelium
What are 2 things synovial membrane consists of?
1) CT
- areolar CT
- adipose tissue
2) discontinuous layer of cells
- synoviocytes (cells of synovial membrane)
What are 2 types of synovial cells?
1) macrophage-like synovial cells (type A cells)
2) fibroblastic synovial cells (type B cells)
What are macrophage-like synovial cells (type A cells)?
Remove wear and tear debris from synovial fluid
What are fibroblastic synovial cells (type B cells)?
Produce hyaluronan
-acts as lubricant
What is synovial fluid?
Fluid w/n the joint cavity
Lubricates the joint to reduce friction
Provides nutrients and waste disposal
Provides shock absorption
What is a type of cartilaginous joints in amphiarthrosis joints?
Symphysis joints
What are 2 things synovial fluid consist of?
1) interstitial fluid
2) hyaluronan
What is interstitial fluid?
Filtered from the blood plasma diffused from capillaries in the synovial membrane
What is cartilage?
Fibrocartilage pads that separate the articulating surfaces
Helps cushion the joints
-ex: menisci
What are fat pads?
Localized masses of adipose tissue covered by a synovial membrane
Superficial to the joint capsule
Protects articular cartilages
What are ligaments?
Support and strengthens joints
Sprain is a ligament with torn collagen fibers
What are tendons?
Not part of the joint
Pass across or around joint
May limit joint ROM
Provide mechanical support for the joint
What is a bursa(e)?
Small fluid filled (synovial fluid) sac
Reduced friction between tissues
Cushion movements if these tissues hit against each other
What does the bursa(e) sac consist of?
1) outer layer- dense CT
2) inner layer- synovial membrane
Where is the bursa(e) located?
Skin and bones
Tendons and bones
Muscles and bones
Ligaments and bones
What is a synovial tendon sheath?
A tube like bursa
Wraps around tendon where it crosses bone surfaces
Protects all sides of a tendon from friction as the tendon slides back and forth
What is a labrum?
A fibrocartilaginous structure
Attached to rim of the acetabulum and Glenwood cavity
Helps deepen the joint socket
What is hyaluronan?
Released by fibroblastic synovial cells (type B cells)
What are 3 types of synovial joints?
1) monoaxial joints
2) biaxial joints
3) triaxial joints
