Ch. 9- Hip And Knee Joints

Question 1

What is the hip joint also known as?

Answer 1

Acetabulofemoral articulation

Question 2

What is kind of joint is the hip bone?

Answer 2

Ball and socket

Question 3

What is the hip socket deepend by?

Answer 3

Acetabular labrum

Question 4

What is the lunate surface of the acetabulum?

Answer 4

Smooth crescent shaped articular surface

Surrounds acetabular fossa

Covered by Hyaline cartilage

Question 5

What is the acetabular fossa?

Answer 5

Deep non-articular circular depression of the acetabulum

Does not take part of articulation

Occupied by fat pad and the ligamentum teres

Question 6

What is the acetabulum labrum?

Answer 6

Fibrocartilage attached to the rim of the acetabulum except at the acetabular notch

Question 7

What is the acetabular notch?

Answer 7

A notch in the inferior margin

Continuous when acetabular fossa

Question 8

What is the transverse acetabular ligament?

Answer 8

Bonds to the ends of acetabular labrum at the acetabular notch

Crosses the acetabular notch to form a foramen for blood vessels and nerves

Question 9

What is a round ligament of the hip joint?

Answer 9

Also know as:
Ligamentum capitis femoris
Ligamentum teres

Originates along the transverse acetabular ligament

Attached to fovea capitis

Joint capsule strengthened by ligaments

Question 10

How many degrees of freedom does the hip joint have and what are the actions of the hip joint?

Answer 10

3° of freedom

Actions:

• flexion/ extension/ hyperextension
• abduction/ adduction
• internal/ external rotation
• horizontal flexion/ extension
• circumduction

Question 11

What are the bones of the knee joint?

Answer 11

Distal femur

Proximal tibia

Patella

Question 12

What are the two articulations of the knee joint?

Answer 12

Tibiofemoral joint

Patellofemoral joint

Question 13

What is the tibiofemoral joint?

Answer 13

Modified hinge joint

2° of freedom

Movements:

• flexion/ extension
• internal/ external rotation

Has menisci for a shock absorption

Question 14

What is the patellofemoral joint?

Answer 14

Gliding joint

Movement:
- patella glides distally with knee flexion and proximally with knee extension

Question 15

What are the extracapsular ligaments?

Answer 15

Medial/ lateral collateral ligaments

Provide stability in the coronal plane

Question 16

What are intracapsular ligaments?

Answer 16

Anterior/ posterior cruciate ligaments

Provide stability in the sagittal plane

Limit anterior abs posterior gliding movements

Question 17

What does the anterior cruciate ligament attached to?

Answer 17

Posterior dial aspect of lateral femoral condylar to anterior aspect of intercondylar emminence of tibia

Question 18

What does the posterior cruciate ligament attached to?

Answer 18

Anterolateral aspect of medial femoral condylar to posterior aspect of intercondylar emminence of tibia

Question 19

What is the medial collateral ligament?

Answer 19

Broad flat band that widens by the distal attachment into anterior and posterior bands

Attaches to the posterior medial femoral epicondyle and the medial aspect of tibia

Question 20

What does the lateral collateral ligament attach to?

Answer 20

Attaches to lateral femoral epicondyle to head of fibula

Question 21

What are the medial and lateral menisci?

Answer 21

Crescent shaped fibrocartilage discs within the capsule of the knee joint

Wedge shaped too deep in the articular surface of the tibia

Circulate with some femoral condyles

Provide shock absorption

Question 22

What is the medial meniscus?

Answer 22

Semi circular shape

Anterior horn attaches to the interior intracondylar area of the tibia

Posterior horn attaches to the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia

Question 23

What is the lateral meniscus?

Answer 23

Nearly circular in shape

Covers more of the tibial surface

Anterior horn attaches to the interior intracondylar area of the tibia

Posterior horn attaches to the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia