Ch. 9- Hip And Knee Joints Flashcards
What is the hip joint also known as?
Acetabulofemoral articulation
What is kind of joint is the hip bone?
Ball and socket
What is the hip socket deepend by?
Acetabular labrum
What is the lunate surface of the acetabulum?
Smooth crescent shaped articular surface
Surrounds acetabular fossa
Covered by Hyaline cartilage
What is the acetabular fossa?
Deep non-articular circular depression of the acetabulum
Does not take part of articulation
Occupied by fat pad and the ligamentum teres
What is the acetabulum labrum?
Fibrocartilage attached to the rim of the acetabulum except at the acetabular notch
What is the acetabular notch?
A notch in the inferior margin
Continuous when acetabular fossa
What is the transverse acetabular ligament?
Bonds to the ends of acetabular labrum at the acetabular notch
Crosses the acetabular notch to form a foramen for blood vessels and nerves
What is a round ligament of the hip joint?
Also know as:
Ligamentum capitis femoris
Ligamentum teres
Originates along the transverse acetabular ligament
Attached to fovea capitis
Joint capsule strengthened by ligaments
How many degrees of freedom does the hip joint have and what are the actions of the hip joint?
3° of freedom
Actions:
- flexion/ extension/ hyperextension
- abduction/ adduction
- internal/ external rotation
- horizontal flexion/ extension
- circumduction
What are the bones of the knee joint?
Distal femur
Proximal tibia
Patella
What are the two articulations of the knee joint?
Tibiofemoral joint
Patellofemoral joint
What is the tibiofemoral joint?
Modified hinge joint
2° of freedom
Movements:
- flexion/ extension
- internal/ external rotation
Has menisci for a shock absorption
What is the patellofemoral joint?
Gliding joint
Movement:
- patella glides distally with knee flexion and proximally with knee extension
What are the extracapsular ligaments?
Medial/ lateral collateral ligaments
Provide stability in the coronal plane
What are intracapsular ligaments?
Anterior/ posterior cruciate ligaments
Provide stability in the sagittal plane
Limit anterior abs posterior gliding movements
What does the anterior cruciate ligament attached to?
Posterior dial aspect of lateral femoral condylar to anterior aspect of intercondylar emminence of tibia
What does the posterior cruciate ligament attached to?
Anterolateral aspect of medial femoral condylar to posterior aspect of intercondylar emminence of tibia
What is the medial collateral ligament?
Broad flat band that widens by the distal attachment into anterior and posterior bands
Attaches to the posterior medial femoral epicondyle and the medial aspect of tibia
What does the lateral collateral ligament attach to?
Attaches to lateral femoral epicondyle to head of fibula
What are the medial and lateral menisci?
Crescent shaped fibrocartilage discs within the capsule of the knee joint
Wedge shaped too deep in the articular surface of the tibia
Circulate with some femoral condyles
Provide shock absorption
What is the medial meniscus?
Semi circular shape
Anterior horn attaches to the interior intracondylar area of the tibia
Posterior horn attaches to the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia
What is the lateral meniscus?
Nearly circular in shape
Covers more of the tibial surface
Anterior horn attaches to the interior intracondylar area of the tibia
Posterior horn attaches to the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia
