Ch. 9- Shoulder And Elbow Joints Flashcards
What are the 4 structures of the shoulder complex?
Sternum (manubrium)
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
What 2 parts of the shoulder make up the shoulder girdle?
Clavicle
Scapula
What are the 4 articulations of the shoulder complex?
Glenohumeral joint
Sternoclavicular joint
Acromiocalavicular joint
Scapulothoracic joint
What is the glenohumeral joint?
Most freely movable joint
Ball and socket
3 degrees of freedom
Actions:
- flexion/ extension/ hyperextension
- abduction/ adduction
- internal/ external rotation
- horizontal flexion/ extension
- circumduction
What is the glenoid labrum in the glenohumeral joint?
Fibrous cartilage that is attached to the rim of the glenoid cavity
What is the function of the glenoid labrum?
Deepen the shoulder socket
Serves as attachment site for other structures like ligaments and tendons
What is the articular capsule of the shoulder?
Attaches to the circumference of the glenoid cavity
What is the synovial membrane of the glenohumeral joint?
Extends from the margin of the glenoid cavity
Attaches to the inner surface of the capsule
Inserts on the anatomical neck of the humerus
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
SITS
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
Tendons of joint stabilize joint
What are the bursae of the shoulder?
Subacromial bursa
Subdeltoid bursa
Subcoracoid bursa
Subscapular bursa
Where does the Tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii pass through?
Intertubercular groove
What does the elbow complex consist of?
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
What do the articulations of the elbow complex include?
Humeroulnar joint
Humeroradial joint
Proximal radioulnar joint
All Three joints are enclosed in one joint capsule
What is the humeroulnar joint?
Forms the medial portion of the elbow complex
Consists of the articulation between the trochlea of the distal humerus and the trochlear notch of the proximal ulna
Hinge joint
1° of freedom
Actions:
Flexion and extension
What is the humeroradial joint?
Articulation between proximal surface of the radius and the capitulum of the distal humerus
Hinge joint
1° of freedom
Actions:
flexion and extension
What is the proximal radioulnar joint?
Head of the radius articulates with the radial notch of ulna
Pivot Joint
Actions:
supination and pronation
What are the two articulations of the wrist?
Radiocarpal joint
Midcarpal joint
What is the radiocarpal joint?
Formed by:
- distal concave surface of radius
- radioulnar disc
- scaphoid
- lunate
- triquetrum
Biaxial condyloid
2° of freedom
Actions:
Extension/ flexion
Radial/ ulnar deviation
Circumduction
What separates the ulna and the carpal bones?
Radioulnar disc
What is the radioulnar disc?
Fibrocartilaginous disc
Attached to ulnar notch of radius
Extends medially to attach stilo is process of ulna
Shock absorber
What is the midcarpal joint?
Formed by proximal and distal rows of the carpal bones
Articulates:
- scaphoid with trapezium, trapezoid and captitate
- lunate with capitate and hamate
- triquetrum with hamate
Condyloid joint
2° of freedom
Actions:
Flexion/ extension
Radial/ ulnar deviation
Moves as a fixed unit
What is the flexor retinaculum?
Can be Divided into 3 segments:
1) proximal- fascia (palmar carpal ligament)
2) central- middle (transverse carpal ligament)
3) distal- aponeurosis (Palmar aponeurosis)
What is the palmar carpal ligament?
Also called volts carpal ligament
At wrist, antebrachial fascia of forearm
Attaches to radial and ulnar styloid process
Crosses over the flexor muscles
What is the transverse carpal ligament?
Strong fibrous band of fibrous CT
Arches over the carpal bones forming the carpal tunnel
Attachments:
- proximal to palmar carpal ligament
- medially to pisiform and hook of hamate
- laterally to scaphoid and trapezium
What is the carpal tunnel?
Fibro-Ossetia pathway on the palmar aspect of the wrist
Connects anterior Compartment of the distal forearm with the mid-palmar space of hand
Passing through the carpal tunnel is the median nerve
What is the palmar aponeurosis?
Thick broad flat tendon overlying the central compartment of the palm
Stabilizes the skin of the Palm
