Ch. 4- Tissues Part 3

Question 1

What are chondroblasts?

Answer 1

differentiates from mesenchyam stem cells

synthesize and secretes matrix into extracellular space

Question 2

When do chondroblasts become chondrocytes?

Answer 2

as the matrix stiffens

Question 3

What are chondrocytes?

Answer 3

produce antiangiogenesis factor
- prevents blood vessel growth

exchange of nutrients and waste products by diffusion

Question 4

What is the perichondrium?

Answer 4

membrane that surrounds most cartilage

2 layers

1) outer fibrous layer- dense irregulat CT
2) inner cellular layer

does not cover articular cartilage

Question 5

What is hyaline cartilage?

Answer 5

most common type of cartilage

consists of clear, glassy matrix fine dispersed collagen fibers and chondrocytes in lacunae

covered by perichondrium except articular cartilage of joints

Question 6

What is elastic cartilage?

Answer 6

abundant network of elastic fibers w/ chondrocytes enclosed in lacunae b/n fibers

provides flexible, elastic support

covered by perichondrium

Question 7

What is fibrocartilage?

Answer 7

cartilage containing extensive network of thick collagen fibers

resists compression and absorbs shock

not surrounded by perichondrium

Question 8

What are tissue membranes?

Answer 8

physical barriers

thin sheets of tissue

line or cover portions of the body

majority are epithelial membranes

Question 9

What are epithelial membranes?

Answer 9

epithelium

supported by CT

mucous. serous and cutaneous membrane

Question 10

What is CT membrane?

Answer 10

contain CT tissue but no epithelium

include synovial membrane

Question 11

What is mucous membrane?

Answer 11

line passageways that open to the exterior

consist of:

• epithelia
• lamina propria
• goblet and granulosar cells
• muscularis mucosae

Question 12

What is the function of mucous membrane?

Answer 12

absorption

secretion (some secrete mucus)

protection

Question 13

What is serous membrane?

Answer 13

lines body cavity and covers organs

produces serous fluid

consists of mesothelium and areolar CT

3 types:

• pleura
• pericardium
• peritoneum

Question 14

What is cutaneous membrane?

Answer 14

skin

covers the external body surface

consists of epidermis and dermis

protection

Question 15

What is synovial membrane?

Answer 15

CT membrane

consists of synoviocytes and CT

no epithelium

secretes synovial fluid

Question 16

What is fascia?

Answer 16

dense sheet or broad band of CT

lines the body wall and limbs

surrounds muscles and organs

Question 17

What is superficial fascia?

Answer 17

called hypodermis and subcutaneous tissue

consists of areolar CT snf sdipose

deep to the dermis

separates skin from underlying tissue and organs

functions:

• provides insulation and padding
• allows skin and underlying structures to move independently

Question 18

What is deep fascia?

Answer 18

consists of dense irregular CT

organized in layers

surounds:

• muscles- epimysium
• bone- periosteum
• cartilage- perichondrium
• nerves- epineurium
• blood vessels- tunica externa

Functions:

• separates adjacent muscles
• holds muscles together
• lines the body wall and limbs
• protects underlying muscles

Question 19

What is subscerous fascia?

Answer 19

consists of areolar CT

separates serosa and deep fascia

Question 20

What is muscle tissue?

Answer 20

elongated cells that respond to stimuli by contracting

all body movements

muscle cells can shorten, lengthen or stay the same

function:

• exert physical force on other tissue
• movement of skeleton and material or fluid through a structure
• body heat

Question 21

What are the 3 types of muscle cells?

Answer 21

1) skeletal
2) cardiac
3) smooth