Ch. 4- Tissues Part 3 Flashcards
What are chondroblasts?
differentiates from mesenchyam stem cells
synthesize and secretes matrix into extracellular space
When do chondroblasts become chondrocytes?
as the matrix stiffens
What are chondrocytes?
produce antiangiogenesis factor
- prevents blood vessel growth
exchange of nutrients and waste products by diffusion
What is the perichondrium?
membrane that surrounds most cartilage
2 layers
1) outer fibrous layer- dense irregulat CT
2) inner cellular layer
does not cover articular cartilage
What is hyaline cartilage?
most common type of cartilage
consists of clear, glassy matrix fine dispersed collagen fibers and chondrocytes in lacunae
covered by perichondrium except articular cartilage of joints
What is elastic cartilage?
abundant network of elastic fibers w/ chondrocytes enclosed in lacunae b/n fibers
provides flexible, elastic support
covered by perichondrium
What is fibrocartilage?
cartilage containing extensive network of thick collagen fibers
resists compression and absorbs shock
not surrounded by perichondrium
What are tissue membranes?
physical barriers
thin sheets of tissue
line or cover portions of the body
majority are epithelial membranes
What are epithelial membranes?
epithelium
supported by CT
mucous. serous and cutaneous membrane
What is CT membrane?
contain CT tissue but no epithelium
include synovial membrane
What is mucous membrane?
line passageways that open to the exterior
consist of:
- epithelia
- lamina propria
- goblet and granulosar cells
- muscularis mucosae
What is the function of mucous membrane?
absorption
secretion (some secrete mucus)
protection
What is serous membrane?
lines body cavity and covers organs
produces serous fluid
consists of mesothelium and areolar CT
3 types:
- pleura
- pericardium
- peritoneum
What is cutaneous membrane?
skin
covers the external body surface
consists of epidermis and dermis
protection
What is synovial membrane?
CT membrane
consists of synoviocytes and CT
no epithelium
secretes synovial fluid
What is fascia?
dense sheet or broad band of CT
lines the body wall and limbs
surrounds muscles and organs
What is superficial fascia?
called hypodermis and subcutaneous tissue
consists of areolar CT snf sdipose
deep to the dermis
separates skin from underlying tissue and organs
functions:
- provides insulation and padding
- allows skin and underlying structures to move independently
What is deep fascia?
consists of dense irregular CT
organized in layers
surounds:
- muscles- epimysium
- bone- periosteum
- cartilage- perichondrium
- nerves- epineurium
- blood vessels- tunica externa
Functions:
- separates adjacent muscles
- holds muscles together
- lines the body wall and limbs
- protects underlying muscles
What is subscerous fascia?
consists of areolar CT
separates serosa and deep fascia
What is muscle tissue?
elongated cells that respond to stimuli by contracting
all body movements
muscle cells can shorten, lengthen or stay the same
function:
- exert physical force on other tissue
- movement of skeleton and material or fluid through a structure
- body heat
What are the 3 types of muscle cells?
1) skeletal
2) cardiac
3) smooth
