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BIO 163 > Ch. 9 Senses > Flashcards

Ch. 9 Senses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Perception is defined as _____.

A

The conscious awareness of stimuli perceived by sensory receptors

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2
Q

Mechanoreceptor

A

Response to stimuli, such as the bending, or stretching of receptors

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3
Q

Chemoreceptor

A

Response to order molecules

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4
Q

Photoreceptor

A

Responds to light

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5
Q

Thermoreceptor

A

Responds to temperature changes

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6
Q

Nociceptor

A

Responds to stimuli resulting in pain sensation

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7
Q

Receptors typically for free nerve endings?

A

Painful stimuli
Temperature
Itch
Movement

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8
Q

Pain perceived to originate in a region of the body that is not the source of pain is called ____.

A

Referred pain

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9
Q

Vision is a type of _____ sense.

A

Specialized

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10
Q

Sensation is _____.

A

the process initiated by sensory receptors.

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11
Q

The sense of smell occurs in response to _____.

A

odorants

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12
Q

Sensory receptors that respond to light a called _____.

A

Photoreceptors

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13
Q

The most common receptors, which are among the simplest structurally are called _____ endings.

A

Free Nerve

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14
Q

Each olfactory tract terminates in an area of the brain, called the olfactory _____.

A

cortex 

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15
Q

The convergence of deep sensory neurons from an inflamed deep organ and sensory neuron tracts from a superficial region results in pain frequently perceived to be in the superficial region. This pain is called ____ pain.

A

Referred

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16
Q

Very specialized localizes sensory receptors are associated with _____ senses.

A

special

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17
Q

What are the sensory structures that detect a stimuli called?

A

Taste buds

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18
Q

Olfaction is the sense of _____.

A

Smell

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19
Q

Describe the order of structures in the neuronal pathway of taste sensation, beginning with the reception of taste bud, to the cerebral cortex.

(thalamus)
(taste buds)
(cranial nerves VII, IX, and X)
(Brain stem)
(Cerebrum)

A
  1. Taste buds.
  2. Cranial nerves VII, IX, and X
  3. Brainstem
  4. Thalamus
  5. Cerebrum
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20
Q

A type of receptor the response to bending or stretching, is called a ______.

A

Mechanoreceptor

21
Q

Blinking involves protecting the eye by closing the _____ as part of a reflex.

A

Eyelid

22
Q

Where does each olfactory tract terminate?

A

Olfactory cortex

23
Q

The lenses normally ______.

A

Transparent

24
Q

Damage to the liver can cause pain in the right shoulder. This is an example of _____.

A

Referred pain

25
Q

What is the combination of opsin and retinal called?

A

Rhodopsin

26
Q

Papillae of the tongue are ______.

A

Enlargements on the surface of the tongue.

27
Q

The cranial nerves involved in taste sensation pathways are _____.

A

Facial nerve VII
Glossopharyngeal nerve IX
Vagus nerve X

28
Q

The reflex that involves closing the eyelids to protect the eyes from foreign objects, is the ____ reflex.

A

Blink

29
Q

The transparent, biconvex disc of the eye is called the ____.

A

Lense

30
Q

True or false: Light that enters the lens projects to the same side of the retina.

A

False

31
Q

The photo sensitive pigment in rod cells is called _____.

A

Rhodospin

32
Q

The sensory structures that detect taste, stimuli are the _____.

A

Taste buds

33
Q

The function of the eyelid is to _____.

A

Protect the eye from foreign objects

34
Q

And unblocked opening in the middle ear that opens into the pharynx and enables air pressure to be equalized is called the _____.

A

Auditory tube/ eustachian tube

35
Q

The nasal visual field projects to the ___ retina, and the temporal visual field projects to the ____ retina.

A

Temporal, nasal

36
Q

Sound waves will pass through in what order 

A

1.Auricle
2. External auditory
3. Tympanic membrane
4. Auditory ossicles
5. Oval window
6.Cochlea

37
Q

The tube that can help prevent distortion of the tympanic membrane by equalizing pressure between the middle ear, and the outside environment is called the ____ tube.

A

Auditory/Eustachian

38
Q

The neurons in the cochlear nucleus project to the brainstem and to the ____ colliculi in the midbrain.

A

Inferior

39
Q

The two chambers of the vestibule of the inner are are called the _____ and the _____.

A

Utricle
Saccule

40
Q

Initially sound waves are collected by ____ and the are conducted through the external auditory canal toward the ______ membrane in cause it to vibrate. The vibrations cause vibration of 3 auditory _____ of the middle ear.

A
  1. Auricle
  2. Tympanic
  3. Ossicles
41
Q

Identify the neuronal pathway for hearing from the cochlear nerve to the cerebral cortex.

(Cochlear nucleus in the brainstem)(Cochlear nerve)(Auditory cortex of the cerebrum)(Thalamus)(Inferior colliculus)

A
  1. Cochlear nerve
  2. Cochlear nucleus in the brainstem
  3. Inferior colliculus
  4. Thalamus
    5.Auditory cortex of the cerebrum
42
Q

Light that enters the lens projects to the ____ side of the retina.

A

Opposite

43
Q

The utricle and the saccule are the two chambers of this inner ear, organ called the _____.

A

Vestible

44
Q

What is a condition in which the lenses of the eye lose flexibility with age and impairs ability of the lenses to change shape called?

A

Presbyopia

45
Q

Identify the structures that are part of the inner ear:

A

Cochlea
Semicircular canals
Vestibule 

46
Q

Parts of the external ear (2)

A

Auricle
External auditory canal

47
Q

Parts of the middle ear (3)

A

Tim panic membrane
Auditory ossicles
Chorda tympani

48
Q

Parts of the inner ear (8)

A

Semicircular canals
Oval window
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Cochlear nerve
Vestible
Cochlea
Round window
Auditory tube

49
Q

3 Auditory ossicles (M.I.S)

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

BIO 163 (5 decks)

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