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BIO 163 > Ch. 10 Endocrine System > Flashcards

Ch. 10 Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

Glands and cells that secrete hormones make up the _____.

A

Endocrine system

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2
Q

The organ systems that produce chemical messengers to maintain body homeostasis are the _____.

A

Nervous & endocrine systems

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3
Q

Which of the following is NOT a regulatory function of the endocrine system?

•Metabolic rate
•Labor contractions
• Development of the fetus
• Water and electrolyte balance
• Development of tissues

A

Development of the fetus

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4
Q

Hormones are divided chemically into ______ -soluble and _____ -soluble groups.

A

Lipid
Water

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5
Q

True or false: The levels of most hormones in the blood are maintained by positive feedback mechanisms.

A

False

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6
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

The glands, tissues, and cells that secrete hormones

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7
Q

Blood chemistry changes are examples of ______ stimuli, whereas sympathetic nervous system impulses are examples of ______ stimuli for hormone release.

A

humoral, neural

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8
Q

The coordination of body cells to maintain homeostasis is mostly achieved by _____.

A

Chemical messangers

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9
Q

True or false: The endocrine system has several regulatory functions that affect the digestive system and the reproductive system.

A

True

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10
Q

Which of the following is NOT a type of stimull that inhibits hormone release?

• Hormonal
• Exocrine
• Humoral
• Neural

A

Exocrine

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11
Q

Blood chemistry changes are examples of _____ stimuli, whereas the use of hormones to stimulate the release of other hormones is an example of a _____
stimulus for hormone release.

A

Humoral
Hormonal

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12
Q

True or false: Chemical messengers produced by the nervous system and endocrine system are the principal means of maintaining homeostasis.

A

True

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13
Q

The two mechanisms used to maintain homeostatic levels of hormones in the blood are _____ and _____ feedback.

A

Positive
Negative

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14
Q

What must be present for any type of hormone to be able to act on a target cell?

A

Receptors

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15
Q

The three types of stimuli that can inhibit hormonal release are _____, ______, and _____ stimuli.

A

Humoral
Neural
Hormonal

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16
Q

Identify the classes of hormone receptors. (Select all that apply.)

•DNA receptors
•Nuclear receptors
•Membrane-bound receptors
•Extracellular receptors

A

Nuclear receptor
Membrane-bound receptors

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17
Q

What is a G protein?

A

Three protein subunits found on the inner surface of the plasma membrane with a GDP attached to it.

18
Q

Which are mechanisms that maintain hormone levels in the homeostatic range? (Select all that apply.)

•Positive feedback
•Tropic regulation of ions
•pH balance
•Negative feedback

A

Positive feedback
Negative feedback

19
Q

In order for a hormone to act on a target cell, it must bind to a specific ____.

A

Receptor

20
Q

What are the two classes of hormone receptors?

A

nuclear and membrane-bound

21
Q

What is a chemical produced in a cell that activates specific processes in response to a hormone interaction with a membrane-bound receptor called?

A

secondary messenger

22
Q

A protein complex of three protein subunits found on the inner surface of the plasma membrane that can be activated once a chemical messenger binds to a receptor is a _____ protein.

A

G

23
Q

The system that consists of ductless glands that secrete their products into the interstitial fluids that then enter the blood is the ____ system.

A

Endocrine

24
Q

The hypophysis is also known as the ____
gland.

A

Pituitary

25
Q

What must be present for any type of hormone to be able to act on a target cell?

A

Receptors

26
Q

The endocrine gland indicated by the letter A in the image is the ____ gland.

A

Thyroid

27
Q

The ovoid glands partially embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid are the _____ glands.

A

Parathyroid

28
Q

Describe the endocrine svstem.

A

A system of ductless glands that secrete their products into the interstitial fluid

29
Q

Describe the location of the adrenal glands.

A

They are superior to the kidneys.

30
Q

Which endocrine gland, located posterior to the stomach, has clusters of cells called islets?

A

Pancreas

31
Q

The thyroid gland is located in the ____.

A

Neck

32
Q

Which hormone is responsible for the development and general health of the male reproductive tract?

A

Testosterone

33
Q

The gland located in the thorax, just superior to the heart, is the ____ gland.

A

Thymus

34
Q

Glands that are embedded in the thyroid gland are ____ glands.

A

Parathyroid

35
Q

The ___ gland is superior and posterior to the thalamus of the brain and attached to the roof of the third ventricle of the brain.

A

Pineal

36
Q

The endocrine gland indicated by the letter A in the image is the ____ gland.

A

Adrenal gland

37
Q

Age-related changes to the endocrine system can lead to all of the following except one. Which one?

•Altered sleep patterns
• Decrease in the ability to respond to decreases in blood pressure
• Decrease in adipose tissue
• Decreases in bone and muscle mass

A

Decrease in adipose tissue

38
Q

The elongated, spongy gland located inferior and posterior to the stomach that has clusters of cells called islets is the ____.

A

Pancreas

39
Q

The thymus gland is located in the ____.

A

Thorax

40
Q

Which of the following best describes the location of the pineal gland?

•The pineal gland is located in the fourth ventricle.
• The pineal gland is superior and posterior to the thalamus.
• The pineal gland surrounds the larynx.
• The pineal gland is found in the mediastinum.

A

The pineal gland is superior and posterior to the thalamus.

41
Q

Identify hormones that decrease in secretion with age in normal, healthy individuals. Select all that apply.

•Insulin
•Parathyroid hormone
•Growth hormone
•Thymosin
•Melatonin

A

Growth hormone
Thymosin
Melatonin

42
Q

Identify the changes that occur in healthy, elderly adults due to age-related decreases in endocrine secretions. Select all that apply.

•Decrease in bone mass
• Inability to regulate blood glucose levels
•Decrease in muscle mass
•Decrease in adipose tissue
•Change in sleeping patterns
• Increased susceptibility to infection

A

Decrease in bone mass
Decrease in muscle mass
Change in sleeping patterns
Increased susceptibility to infection

BIO 163 (5 decks)

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