Ch. 10 Endocrine System Flashcards
Glands and cells that secrete hormones make up the _____.
Endocrine system
The organ systems that produce chemical messengers to maintain body homeostasis are the _____.
Nervous & endocrine systems
Which of the following is NOT a regulatory function of the endocrine system?
•Metabolic rate
•Labor contractions
• Development of the fetus
• Water and electrolyte balance
• Development of tissues
Development of the fetus
Hormones are divided chemically into ______ -soluble and _____ -soluble groups.
Lipid
Water
True or false: The levels of most hormones in the blood are maintained by positive feedback mechanisms.
False
What is the endocrine system?
The glands, tissues, and cells that secrete hormones
Blood chemistry changes are examples of ______ stimuli, whereas sympathetic nervous system impulses are examples of ______ stimuli for hormone release.
humoral, neural
The coordination of body cells to maintain homeostasis is mostly achieved by _____.
Chemical messangers
True or false: The endocrine system has several regulatory functions that affect the digestive system and the reproductive system.
True
Which of the following is NOT a type of stimull that inhibits hormone release?
• Hormonal
• Exocrine
• Humoral
• Neural
Exocrine
Blood chemistry changes are examples of _____ stimuli, whereas the use of hormones to stimulate the release of other hormones is an example of a _____
stimulus for hormone release.
Humoral
Hormonal
True or false: Chemical messengers produced by the nervous system and endocrine system are the principal means of maintaining homeostasis.
True
The two mechanisms used to maintain homeostatic levels of hormones in the blood are _____ and _____ feedback.
Positive
Negative
What must be present for any type of hormone to be able to act on a target cell?
Receptors
The three types of stimuli that can inhibit hormonal release are _____, ______, and _____ stimuli.
Humoral
Neural
Hormonal
Identify the classes of hormone receptors. (Select all that apply.)
•DNA receptors
•Nuclear receptors
•Membrane-bound receptors
•Extracellular receptors
Nuclear receptor
Membrane-bound receptors
What is a G protein?
Three protein subunits found on the inner surface of the plasma membrane with a GDP attached to it.
Which are mechanisms that maintain hormone levels in the homeostatic range? (Select all that apply.)
•Positive feedback
•Tropic regulation of ions
•pH balance
•Negative feedback
Positive feedback
Negative feedback
In order for a hormone to act on a target cell, it must bind to a specific ____.
Receptor
What are the two classes of hormone receptors?
nuclear and membrane-bound
What is a chemical produced in a cell that activates specific processes in response to a hormone interaction with a membrane-bound receptor called?
secondary messenger
A protein complex of three protein subunits found on the inner surface of the plasma membrane that can be activated once a chemical messenger binds to a receptor is a _____ protein.
G
The system that consists of ductless glands that secrete their products into the interstitial fluids that then enter the blood is the ____ system.
Endocrine
The hypophysis is also known as the ____
gland.
Pituitary
What must be present for any type of hormone to be able to act on a target cell?
Receptors
The endocrine gland indicated by the letter A in the image is the ____ gland.
Thyroid
The ovoid glands partially embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid are the _____ glands.
Parathyroid
Describe the endocrine svstem.
A system of ductless glands that secrete their products into the interstitial fluid
Describe the location of the adrenal glands.
They are superior to the kidneys.
Which endocrine gland, located posterior to the stomach, has clusters of cells called islets?
Pancreas
The thyroid gland is located in the ____.
Neck
Which hormone is responsible for the development and general health of the male reproductive tract?
Testosterone
The gland located in the thorax, just superior to the heart, is the ____ gland.
Thymus
Glands that are embedded in the thyroid gland are ____ glands.
Parathyroid
The ___ gland is superior and posterior to the thalamus of the brain and attached to the roof of the third ventricle of the brain.
Pineal
The endocrine gland indicated by the letter A in the image is the ____ gland.
Adrenal gland
Age-related changes to the endocrine system can lead to all of the following except one. Which one?
•Altered sleep patterns
• Decrease in the ability to respond to decreases in blood pressure
• Decrease in adipose tissue
• Decreases in bone and muscle mass
Decrease in adipose tissue
The elongated, spongy gland located inferior and posterior to the stomach that has clusters of cells called islets is the ____.
Pancreas
The thymus gland is located in the ____.
Thorax
Which of the following best describes the location of the pineal gland?
•The pineal gland is located in the fourth ventricle.
• The pineal gland is superior and posterior to the thalamus.
• The pineal gland surrounds the larynx.
• The pineal gland is found in the mediastinum.
The pineal gland is superior and posterior to the thalamus.
Identify hormones that decrease in secretion with age in normal, healthy individuals. Select all that apply.
•Insulin
•Parathyroid hormone
•Growth hormone
•Thymosin
•Melatonin
Growth hormone
Thymosin
Melatonin
Identify the changes that occur in healthy, elderly adults due to age-related decreases in endocrine secretions. Select all that apply.
•Decrease in bone mass
• Inability to regulate blood glucose levels
•Decrease in muscle mass
•Decrease in adipose tissue
•Change in sleeping patterns
• Increased susceptibility to infection
Decrease in bone mass
Decrease in muscle mass
Change in sleeping patterns
Increased susceptibility to infection
