Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 163 > Ch. 7 Muscular System > Flashcards

Ch. 7 Muscular System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Types of Muscle Tissue (3):

A

Smooth, Cardiac, Skeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The ability to shorten with force

A

Contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The ability to respond to a stimulus

A

Excitability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The ability to lengthen beyond normal resting length

A

Extensibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The ability to recoil to original resting length

A

Elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Another name for a skeletal muscle cell is a muscle ______.

A

Fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Myosin myofilaments are known as ______ myofilaments.

A

Thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber is called the ______.

A

Sarcolemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The sacromere is the basic structural and function unit of _____.

A

Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The functional characteristics of skeletal muscle include ______ or the ability to shorten, ______ or the ability to respond to stimulus, _____ or the ability to stretch, and____ or the ability to recoil to original resting length.

A
  1. Contractility
  2. Excitability
  3. Extensibility
  4. Elasticity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A resting membrane potential occurs when _______.

A

there IS a voltage difference across a membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Typically, the resting potential of a cell is between -70 and -90 mV. This means that the inside of the cell is more _____ than its surrounding environment.

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Another term for thick myofilament is _____ myofilament.

A

Myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The role of the transverse tubues is to _____.

A

Transmit the signal to contract deep into the muscle fiber.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The structural unit of skeletal muscle, that is the smallest unit capable of contraction is the _____.

A

Sacromere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When is ATP required by muscle cells?

A

During both relaxation and contraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The charge difference across the plasma membrane and a cell at rest is called the _____ potential.

A

Resting membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The inside of a resting Cell is more ______ in charge them the extracellular fluid around the cell.

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is it called when myosin releases, thin, filaments muscle tension, declines and cytoplasmic calcium levels fall?

A

Relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The action potential moves from the sarcolemma surface deep into the muscle, fiber via the ______.

A

Transverse or T tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A single brief contraction of a muscle fiber, in response to a stimulus is called a ______.

A

muscle twitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

True or false: ATP is needed for both muscle contraction and muscle relaxation.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The charge difference across the plasma membrane of an unstimulated cell is called the ______.

A

Resting membrane potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What effect will an increase in the frequency of stimuli have on the strength of contraction on an individual muscle fiber?

A

Increase strength of contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A. Muscle tension declines
B. Calcium levels in the cytoplasm fall
C. Myosin releases this filaments
D. ACh levels in cleft increase

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The constant tension produced by body muscles over long periods of time necessary to keep the head up right and abdomen flat is called _____.

A

Muscle tone 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the different types of muscle fibers?

A

slow-twitch fibers and fast-twitch fibers 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The molecules within muscle fibers that stores oxygen is _____.

A

Myoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What will increase the force of contraction within an individual muscle fiber?

A

Increase the frequency of stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which muscle types are most likely to have the highest proportion of fast twitch muscle fibers

A

Chicken breast muscles
Muscles of upper limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The constant tension produced by body muscles over long periods of time is called ______.

A

Muscle tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Define hypertrophy

A

An increase in the size of an individual muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Identify the different types of muscle fibers

A

Slow-twitch and fast-twitch fibers

34
Q

Identify the types of activities where aerobic respiration is the primary mechanism of ATP production.

A

Long-term, intense activities and Rest

35
Q

Identify the molecule within muscle fibers that stores oxygen temporarily.

A

Myoglobin

36
Q

The energy that is used first during intensive activities comes from ______.

A

Creatine phosphate

37
Q

Which is a characteristic of fast twitch or Type II muscle fiber?

A

Important in quick, intense movements of short duration

38
Q

Which of the following muscle types are most likely to have the highest proportion of slow twitch muscle fibers?

A

Postural muscles of back
Postural muscles of abdomen

39
Q

Hypertrophy of a muscle causes _____ in strength and endurance.

A

An increase

40
Q

Cells produce a small amount of ATP and lactic acid in the absence of oxygen through the process of _____ respiration.

A

Anaerobic

41
Q

Which of the following energy sources is most likely being employed while the muscle is involved in the long-term endurance exercise, such as long distance running?

A

Aerobic respiration

42
Q

Identify a characteristic of fast twitch or Type II muscle fibers.

A

Important in sprinting activities

43
Q

Anaerobic respiration allows the cell to make a small amount of _____ in the absence of oxygen, but also produces ______.

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) , Lactic Acid

44
Q

During intense muscular activity, creatine phosphate levels are depleted _____.

A

Quickly

45
Q

A state of reduced work capacity is called _______

A

Fatigue

46
Q

The energy that is used for during intense activities comes from ______.

A

Creatine phosphate

47
Q

Why does respiratory rate and volume remain elevated for a period of time following exercise?

A

To replace O2 stores

48
Q

The type of muscle found in the walls of blood vessels, and therefore controls movement of blood through blood vessels is ______ muscle.

A

Smooth

49
Q

True or False : Aerobic respiration, does not require oxygen in order to produce ATP.

A

False

50
Q

A muscle is connected to a bone through a structure called a _____.

A

Tendon

51
Q

During intense activity, the energy source that is depleted most quickly is _____.

A

Creatine phosphate

52
Q

The following are used in the naming of individual muscles:

A

Origin and insertion
Size and shape
Region of body
Number of origins

53
Q

Explain why respiratory rate in volume remain elevated for a period of time following exercise.

A

Replace O2 stores
To convert lactic acid to glucose
Replace depleted creatine phosphate

54
Q

Smooth muscle is under ____ control.

A

Involuntary

55
Q
  1. Buccinator
  2. Depressor anguli oris
  3. Trapezius
  4. Masseter
  5. Orbicularis oculi
    6.Zygomaticus Major
A
  1. Flattens cheek
  2. Promotes “frowning”
  3. Extends head and neck
  4. Promotes “chewing”
  5. Closes eyelids
  6. Elevates upper lip and corner of mouth
56
Q

The temporalis, masseter lateral pterygold and the medial pterygold are all considered muscles of ______.

A

Chewing

57
Q

Identify the basic functions of the tongue.

A

Aids in mastication and speech

58
Q
  1. Temporalis
  2. Occipitofrontalis
  3. Zygomaticus major
  4. Orbicularis oris
  5. Sternocleidomastorid
  6. Buccinator
A
  1. Mastication
  2. Elevates eyebrows
  3. Smiling
  4. Closes the mouth
  5. Rotates head & neck to opposite side
  6. Retracts angle of mouth
59
Q

Which 2 are actions of the temporalis?

A

Retracts mandible
Elevates mandible

60
Q

Identify the lateral neck muscle, that is the prime mover for flexion of the head at the neck.

A

Sternocleidomastoid

61
Q

What are important functions of the tongue?

A

The tongue moves food around in the mouth
The tongue modify sound during speech
The tongue initiate swallowing
The tongue holds food in place for grinding

62
Q

What muscles are considered the major muscles of mastication?

A

Pterygoids, masseter, temporalis

63
Q

The deep muscles of the vertebral column have what general actions?

A

Lateral flexion and rotation

64
Q

Identify the primary functions of the muscles of the thorax.

A

Expiration and inspiration

65
Q

What body systems have an opening through the pelvic floor?

A

Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive

66
Q

What are the main functions of the scapular muscles?

A

•Hold the scapula in place
•Increase range of motion of the upper limb

67
Q

What muscles are involved in attaching the arm to the thorax?

A

Pectoralis, major
Rotator cuff muscles
Latissimus dorsi
Deltoid

68
Q

The muscles of the thorax are mostly involved in what action?

A

Breathing

69
Q

The triceps brachii has ____ heads.

A

3

70
Q

True or false: the anterior abdominal body wall muscles increase the volume of the abdominal cavity?

A

FALSE

71
Q

Turning the forearm so the palm is up is ______ and turning the forearm so the palm is down is ____.

A

Supination, pronation

72
Q

The muscles responsible for extending the wrist and fingers are mostly found on the ______ of the forearm.

A

Posterior

73
Q

The muscles that hold the scapula in place on the arm, muscles contract, or the ______ muscles.

A

Scapular

74
Q

Biceps femoris….

A

flexes the knee and extends hip

75
Q

Rectus femoris….

A

Extends the knee

76
Q

Satorius…

A

flexes, hip and knee and laterally rotates thigh

77
Q

Gastrocnemius…

A

Plantar flexion

78
Q

Tensor fasciae latae

A

Abducts the thigh

79
Q

The extensors of the knee are found in the ____ compartment of the thigh.

A

Anterior

80
Q

Most of the posterior for our muscles, have what action on the wrist and fingers?

A

Extension

BIO 163 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions