Ch. 7 Muscular System Flashcards
Types of Muscle Tissue (3):
Smooth, Cardiac, Skeletal
The ability to shorten with force
Contractility
The ability to respond to a stimulus
Excitability
The ability to lengthen beyond normal resting length
Extensibility
The ability to recoil to original resting length
Elasticity
Another name for a skeletal muscle cell is a muscle ______.
Fiber
Myosin myofilaments are known as ______ myofilaments.
Thick
The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber is called the ______.
Sarcolemma
The sacromere is the basic structural and function unit of _____.
Muscle
The functional characteristics of skeletal muscle include ______ or the ability to shorten, ______ or the ability to respond to stimulus, _____ or the ability to stretch, and____ or the ability to recoil to original resting length.
- Contractility
- Excitability
- Extensibility
- Elasticity
A resting membrane potential occurs when _______.
there IS a voltage difference across a membrane.
Typically, the resting potential of a cell is between -70 and -90 mV. This means that the inside of the cell is more _____ than its surrounding environment.
Negative
Another term for thick myofilament is _____ myofilament.
Myosin
The role of the transverse tubues is to _____.
Transmit the signal to contract deep into the muscle fiber.
The structural unit of skeletal muscle, that is the smallest unit capable of contraction is the _____.
Sacromere
When is ATP required by muscle cells?
During both relaxation and contraction.
The charge difference across the plasma membrane and a cell at rest is called the _____ potential.
Resting membrane
The inside of a resting Cell is more ______ in charge them the extracellular fluid around the cell.
Negative
What is it called when myosin releases, thin, filaments muscle tension, declines and cytoplasmic calcium levels fall?
Relaxation
The action potential moves from the sarcolemma surface deep into the muscle, fiber via the ______.
Transverse or T tubules
A single brief contraction of a muscle fiber, in response to a stimulus is called a ______.
muscle twitch
True or false: ATP is needed for both muscle contraction and muscle relaxation.
True
The charge difference across the plasma membrane of an unstimulated cell is called the ______.
Resting membrane potential
What effect will an increase in the frequency of stimuli have on the strength of contraction on an individual muscle fiber?
Increase strength of contraction
A. Muscle tension declines
B. Calcium levels in the cytoplasm fall
C. Myosin releases this filaments
D. ACh levels in cleft increase
D
The constant tension produced by body muscles over long periods of time necessary to keep the head up right and abdomen flat is called _____.
Muscle tone 
What are the different types of muscle fibers?
slow-twitch fibers and fast-twitch fibers 
The molecules within muscle fibers that stores oxygen is _____.
Myoglobin
What will increase the force of contraction within an individual muscle fiber?
Increase the frequency of stimuli
Which muscle types are most likely to have the highest proportion of fast twitch muscle fibers
Chicken breast muscles
Muscles of upper limbs
The constant tension produced by body muscles over long periods of time is called ______.
Muscle tone
Define hypertrophy
An increase in the size of an individual muscle
Identify the different types of muscle fibers
Slow-twitch and fast-twitch fibers
Identify the types of activities where aerobic respiration is the primary mechanism of ATP production.
Long-term, intense activities and Rest
Identify the molecule within muscle fibers that stores oxygen temporarily.
Myoglobin
The energy that is used first during intensive activities comes from ______.
Creatine phosphate
Which is a characteristic of fast twitch or Type II muscle fiber?
Important in quick, intense movements of short duration
Which of the following muscle types are most likely to have the highest proportion of slow twitch muscle fibers?
Postural muscles of back
Postural muscles of abdomen
Hypertrophy of a muscle causes _____ in strength and endurance.
An increase
Cells produce a small amount of ATP and lactic acid in the absence of oxygen through the process of _____ respiration.
Anaerobic
Which of the following energy sources is most likely being employed while the muscle is involved in the long-term endurance exercise, such as long distance running?
Aerobic respiration
Identify a characteristic of fast twitch or Type II muscle fibers.
Important in sprinting activities
Anaerobic respiration allows the cell to make a small amount of _____ in the absence of oxygen, but also produces ______.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) , Lactic Acid
During intense muscular activity, creatine phosphate levels are depleted _____.
Quickly
A state of reduced work capacity is called _______
Fatigue
The energy that is used for during intense activities comes from ______.
Creatine phosphate
Why does respiratory rate and volume remain elevated for a period of time following exercise?
To replace O2 stores
The type of muscle found in the walls of blood vessels, and therefore controls movement of blood through blood vessels is ______ muscle.
Smooth
True or False : Aerobic respiration, does not require oxygen in order to produce ATP.
False
A muscle is connected to a bone through a structure called a _____.
Tendon
During intense activity, the energy source that is depleted most quickly is _____.
Creatine phosphate
The following are used in the naming of individual muscles:
Origin and insertion
Size and shape
Region of body
Number of origins
Explain why respiratory rate in volume remain elevated for a period of time following exercise.
Replace O2 stores
To convert lactic acid to glucose
Replace depleted creatine phosphate
Smooth muscle is under ____ control.
Involuntary
- Buccinator
- Depressor anguli oris
- Trapezius
- Masseter
- Orbicularis oculi
6.Zygomaticus Major
- Flattens cheek
- Promotes “frowning”
- Extends head and neck
- Promotes “chewing”
- Closes eyelids
- Elevates upper lip and corner of mouth
The temporalis, masseter lateral pterygold and the medial pterygold are all considered muscles of ______.
Chewing
Identify the basic functions of the tongue.
Aids in mastication and speech
- Temporalis
- Occipitofrontalis
- Zygomaticus major
- Orbicularis oris
- Sternocleidomastorid
- Buccinator
- Mastication
- Elevates eyebrows
- Smiling
- Closes the mouth
- Rotates head & neck to opposite side
- Retracts angle of mouth
Which 2 are actions of the temporalis?
Retracts mandible
Elevates mandible
Identify the lateral neck muscle, that is the prime mover for flexion of the head at the neck.
Sternocleidomastoid
What are important functions of the tongue?
The tongue moves food around in the mouth
The tongue modify sound during speech
The tongue initiate swallowing
The tongue holds food in place for grinding
What muscles are considered the major muscles of mastication?
Pterygoids, masseter, temporalis
The deep muscles of the vertebral column have what general actions?
Lateral flexion and rotation
Identify the primary functions of the muscles of the thorax.
Expiration and inspiration
What body systems have an opening through the pelvic floor?
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
What are the main functions of the scapular muscles?
•Hold the scapula in place
•Increase range of motion of the upper limb
What muscles are involved in attaching the arm to the thorax?
Pectoralis, major
Rotator cuff muscles
Latissimus dorsi
Deltoid
The muscles of the thorax are mostly involved in what action?
Breathing
The triceps brachii has ____ heads.
3
True or false: the anterior abdominal body wall muscles increase the volume of the abdominal cavity?
FALSE
Turning the forearm so the palm is up is ______ and turning the forearm so the palm is down is ____.
Supination, pronation
The muscles responsible for extending the wrist and fingers are mostly found on the ______ of the forearm.
Posterior
The muscles that hold the scapula in place on the arm, muscles contract, or the ______ muscles.
Scapular
Biceps femoris….
flexes the knee and extends hip
Rectus femoris….
Extends the knee
Satorius…
flexes, hip and knee and laterally rotates thigh
Gastrocnemius…
Plantar flexion
Tensor fasciae latae
Abducts the thigh
The extensors of the knee are found in the ____ compartment of the thigh.
Anterior
Most of the posterior for our muscles, have what action on the wrist and fingers?
Extension
