Ch 9 - Race, Ethnicity, and Immigration Flashcards
Minority Group
A category of people who have unequal access to positions of power, prestige, and wealth in a society and who tend to be targets of prejudice and discrimination.
Race
A category of people who are believed to share distinct physical characteristics that are deemed socially significant.
Ethnicity
Shared cultural heritage or nationality.
Genocide
The deliberate, systematic annihilation of an entire nation or people.
Expulsion
Occurs when a dominate group forces a subordinate group to leave the country or to live only in designated areas of the country.
Segregation
The physical separation of two groups in residence, workplace, and social functions.
Acculturation
The process of adopting the culture of a group different from the one in which a person was originally raised.
Pluralism
A state in which racial and ethnic groups maintain their distinctness but respect each other and have equal access to social resources.
Assimilation
The process by which formerly distinct and separate groups merge and become integrated as one.
Anti-miscegenation Laws
Laws banning interracial marriage until 1967, when the Supreme Court (in Loving v. Virginia) declared these laws unconstitutional.
Nativist Extremist Groups
Organizations that not only advocate restrictive immigration policy, but also encourage their members to use vigilante tactics to confront or harass suspected undocumented immigrants.
Naturalized Citizens
Immigrants who apply for and meet the requirements for U.S. citizenship.
Stereotypes
Exaggerations or generalizations about the characteristics and behavior of a particular group.
Prejudice
Negative attitudes and feelings toward or about an entire category of people.
Racism
The belief that race accounts for differences in human character and ability and that a particular race is superior to others.
Aversive Racism
A subtle form of prejudice that involves feelings of discomfort, uneasiness, disgust, fear, and pro-white attitudes.
Modern Racism
A subtle form of racism that involves the belief that serious discrimination in America no longer exists, that any continuing racial inequality is the fault of minority group members, and that the demands for affirmative action for minorities are unfair and unjustified.
Racism 2.0
A form of racism that allows for and celebrates the achievements of individuals of color who are viewed as having “transcended” their minority status.
Discrimination
Actions or practices that result in differential treatment of categories of individuals.
Individual Discrimination
The unfair or unequal treatment of individuals because of their group membership
Overt Discrimination
Discrimination that occurs b/c of an individual’s own prejudicial attitudes.
Adaptive Discrimination
Discrimination that is based on the prejudice of others
Institutional Discrimination
Discrimination in which institutional policies and procedures result in unequal treatment of and opportunities for minorities.
Hate Crime
An unlawful act of violence motivated by prejudice or bias.
Islamophobia
Anti-Muslim and anti-Islam bias
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
A U.S. federal agency charged with ending employment discrimination in the US that is responsible for enforcing laws against discrimination, including Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act that prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
Affirmative Action
A broad range of policies and practices in the workplace and educational institutions to promote equal opportunity as well as diversity.
