Ch 10 - Gender Inequality

Question 1

Sex

Answer 1

A person’s biological classification as male or female

Question 2

Gender

Answer 2

The Social definitions and expectations associated with being male or female

Question 3

Transgender individual

Answer 3

A transgender individual is a person whose sense of gender identity-masculine or feminine is inconsistent with their birth (smtms called chromosomal) sex (male or female).

Question 4

Sexism

Answer 4

The belief that innate psychological, behavioral, and/or intellectual differences exist between women and men and that these differences connote the superiority of one group and the inferiority of the other.

Question 5

Expressive Roles

Answer 5

Roles into which women are traditionally socialized (ie. nurturing and emotionally supportive roles).

Question 6

Instrumental Roles

Answer 6

Roles into which men are traditionally socialized (ie. task-oriented roles)

Question 7

Structural Sexism

Answer 7

The ways in which the organization of society, and specifically its institutions, subordinate individuals and groups based on their sex classification.

Question 8

Education dividend

Answer 8

The additional benefit of universal education for women is that it reduces the death rate of children under 5 years of age.

Question 9

Occupational Sex Segregation

Answer 9

The concentration of women in certain occupations and men in other occupations.

Question 10

Glass Escalator Effect

Answer 10

The tendency for men seeking or working in traditionally female occupations to benefit from their minority status.

Question 11

Pink-collar jobs

Answer 11

Jobs that offer few benefits, often have low prestige, and are disproportionately held by women.

Question 12

Glass Ceiling

Answer 12

An invisible barrier that prevents women and other minorities from moving into top corporate positions

Question 13

Motherhood Penalty

Answer 13

The tendency for women with children, particularly young children, to be disadvantaged in hiring, wages, and the like compared to women without children.

Question 14

Structured Choice

Answer 14

Choices that are limited by the structure of society

Question 15

Human Capital Hypothesis

Answer 15

The hypothesis that pay differences between females and males are a function of differences in women’s and men’s levels of education, skills, training, and work experience.

Question 16

Devaluation Hypothesis

Answer 16

The hypothesis that women are paid less b/c the work they perform is socially defined as less valuable than the work men perform.

Question 17

Emotion Work

Answer 17

Work that involves caring for, negotiating, and empathizing with people.

Question 18

Comparable Worth

Answer 18

The belief that individuals in occupations, should be paid equally if the job requires “comparable” levels of education, training, and responsibility.

Question 19

Cultural Sexism

Answer 19

The ways in which the culture of society perpetuates the subordination of an individual or group based on the sex classification of that individual or group.

Question 20

Gender Roles

Answer 20

Patterns of socially defined behaviors and expectations associated with being male or female.

Question 21

Boy Code

Answer 21

A set of societal expectations that discourages males from expressing emotion, weakness, or vulnerability, or asking for help.

Question 22

Honor Killings

Answer 22

Murders, often public, as a result of a female dishonoring, or being perceived to have dishonored, her family or community.

Question 23

Feminism

Answer 23

The belief that men and women should have equal rights and responsibilities.

Question 24

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

Answer 24

The proposed 28th amendment to the Constitution, which states that “equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any state, on account of sex.”

Question 25

Sexual Harassment

Answer 25

In reference to workplace harassment, when an employer requires sexual favors in exchange for a promotion, salary increase, or any other employee benefit and/or the existence of a hostile environment that unreasonably interferes with job performances.

Question 26

Affirmative Action

Answer 26

A broad range of policies and practices to promote equal opportunity as well as diversity in the workplace and on campuses.

Question 27

Gendercide

Answer 27

The disproportionate aborting of female fetuses

Question 28

Androgyny

Answer 28

Having both traditionally defined feminine and masculine characteristics