Ch 10 - Gender Inequality Flashcards
Sex
A person’s biological classification as male or female
Gender
The Social definitions and expectations associated with being male or female
Transgender individual
A transgender individual is a person whose sense of gender identity-masculine or feminine is inconsistent with their birth (smtms called chromosomal) sex (male or female).
Sexism
The belief that innate psychological, behavioral, and/or intellectual differences exist between women and men and that these differences connote the superiority of one group and the inferiority of the other.
Expressive Roles
Roles into which women are traditionally socialized (ie. nurturing and emotionally supportive roles).
Instrumental Roles
Roles into which men are traditionally socialized (ie. task-oriented roles)
Structural Sexism
The ways in which the organization of society, and specifically its institutions, subordinate individuals and groups based on their sex classification.
Education dividend
The additional benefit of universal education for women is that it reduces the death rate of children under 5 years of age.
Occupational Sex Segregation
The concentration of women in certain occupations and men in other occupations.
Glass Escalator Effect
The tendency for men seeking or working in traditionally female occupations to benefit from their minority status.
Pink-collar jobs
Jobs that offer few benefits, often have low prestige, and are disproportionately held by women.
Glass Ceiling
An invisible barrier that prevents women and other minorities from moving into top corporate positions
Motherhood Penalty
The tendency for women with children, particularly young children, to be disadvantaged in hiring, wages, and the like compared to women without children.
Structured Choice
Choices that are limited by the structure of society
Human Capital Hypothesis
The hypothesis that pay differences between females and males are a function of differences in women’s and men’s levels of education, skills, training, and work experience.
Devaluation Hypothesis
The hypothesis that women are paid less b/c the work they perform is socially defined as less valuable than the work men perform.
Emotion Work
Work that involves caring for, negotiating, and empathizing with people.
Comparable Worth
The belief that individuals in occupations, should be paid equally if the job requires “comparable” levels of education, training, and responsibility.
Cultural Sexism
The ways in which the culture of society perpetuates the subordination of an individual or group based on the sex classification of that individual or group.
Gender Roles
Patterns of socially defined behaviors and expectations associated with being male or female.
Boy Code
A set of societal expectations that discourages males from expressing emotion, weakness, or vulnerability, or asking for help.
Honor Killings
Murders, often public, as a result of a female dishonoring, or being perceived to have dishonored, her family or community.
Feminism
The belief that men and women should have equal rights and responsibilities.
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
The proposed 28th amendment to the Constitution, which states that “equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any state, on account of sex.”
Sexual Harassment
In reference to workplace harassment, when an employer requires sexual favors in exchange for a promotion, salary increase, or any other employee benefit and/or the existence of a hostile environment that unreasonably interferes with job performances.
Affirmative Action
A broad range of policies and practices to promote equal opportunity as well as diversity in the workplace and on campuses.
Gendercide
The disproportionate aborting of female fetuses
Androgyny
Having both traditionally defined feminine and masculine characteristics
