Ch 11 - Sexual Orientation and the Struggle for Equality

Question 1

Sexual Orientation

Answer 1

A person’s emotional and sexual attractions, relationships, self identity, and behavior

Question 2

Heterosexuality

Answer 2

The predominance of emotional, cognitive, and sexual attraction to individuals of the other sex.

Question 3

Homosexuality

Answer 3

The predominance of emotional, cognitive, and sexual attraction to individuals of the same sex.

Question 4

Bisexuality

Answer 4

The emotional, cognitive, and sexual attraction to members of both sexes.

Question 5

Lesbian

Answer 5

A woman who is attracted to same-sex partners

Question 6

Gay

Answer 6

A term that can refer to either women or men who are attracted to same-sex partners

Question 7

LGBT, LGBTQ, and LGBTQI

Answer 7

Terms used to refer collectively to lesbian, gay, bisexual, or “queer” and/or intersexed individuals

Question 8

Gender non-conforming

Answer 8

Often used synonymously with transgender, gender non-conforming (smtms called gender variant) refers to displays of gender that are inconsistent with society’s expectations

Question 9

Registered Partnerships

Answer 9

Federally recognized relationships that convey most but not all the rights of marriage

Question 10

Sexual Orientation Change Efforts (SOCE)

Answer 10

Collectively refers to reparative, conversion, and reorientation therapies, according to the APA.

Question 11

Master Status

Answer 11

The status that is considered the most significant in a person’s social identity

Question 12

Internalized Homophobia (or internalized heterosexism)

Answer 12

The internalization of negative messages about homosexuality by lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals as a result of direct or indirect social rejection and stigmatization

Question 13

Oppression

Answer 13

The use of power to create inequality and limit access to resources, which impedes the physical and/or emotional well-being of individuals or groups of people

Question 14

Privilege

Answer 14

When a group has a special advantage or benefits as a result of cultural, economic, societal, legal, and political factors

Question 15

Heterosexism

Answer 15

A form of oppression that refers to a belief system that gives power and privilege to heterosexuals, while depriving, oppressing, stigmatizing, and devaluing people who are not heterosexual.

Question 16

Prejudice

Answer 16

Negative attitudes and feelings toward or about an entire category of people

Question 17

Discrimination

Answer 17

Actions or practices that result in differential treatment of categories of individuals

Question 18

Homophobia

Answer 18

Negative or hostile attitudes directed toward non-heterosexually identified individual, and communities of non-heterosexuals

Question 19

Biphobia

Answer 19

When prejudice is directed toward bisexual individuals

Question 20

Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)

Answer 20

Federal Legislation that states that marriage is a legal union between one man and one woman and denies federal recognition of same-sex marriages

Question 21

Gender Expression

Answer 21

The way in which a person presents her-or himself as a gendered individual (ie masculine, feminine, or androgynous) in society. A person could, for example, have a gender identity as a male but nonetheless present their gender as female.

Question 22

Minority Stress Theory

Answer 22

Explains that when an individual experiences the social environment as emotionally or physically threatening due to social stigma, the result is an increased risk for mental health problems.

Question 23

Coming Out

Answer 23

The ongoing process whereby a lesbian, gay, or bisexual individual becomes aware of his or her sexuality, accepts and incorporates it into his or her overall sense of self, and shares that information with others such as family, friends, and coworkers.

Question 24

National Coming Out Day

Answer 24

Celebrated on Oct 11, this day is recognized in many countries as a day to raise awareness of the LGBT population and foster discussion of gay rights issues.

Question 25

Contact Hypothesis

Answer 25

The idea that contact between groups is necessary for the reduction of prejudice

Question 26

Employment Nondiscrimination Act (ENDA)

Answer 26

A proposed federal bill that would protect LGBT’s from workplace discrimination, has been up for congressional debate on a number of occasions since 1994, but has never been signed into law.

Question 27

Civil Union

Answer 27

A legal status that entitles same-sex couples who apply for and receive a civil union certificate to nearly all the benefits available to married couples

Question 28

Domestic Partners

Answer 28

A status granted to unmarried couples, including gay and lesbian couples, by some states, counties, cities, and workplaces that conveys various rights and responsibilities.

Question 29

Respect for Marriage Act (RMA)

Answer 29

A bill that, if passed, would overturn DOMA and grant federal recognition to same-sex marriages, regardless of the state laws in which they reside.

Question 30

Every Child Deserves a Family Act

Answer 30

This piece of federal legislation would remove obstacles to non-heterosexual (as well as transgender) individuals providing loving homes for adoption or foster care.

Question 31

Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act (HCPA)

Answer 31

This new law expands the original 1969 federal hate crimes law to cover hate crimes based on actual or perceived sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, and disability.

Question 32

Gay-Straight Alliances (GSAs)

Answer 32

School-sponsored clubs led by middle or high schools, that strive to address anti-LBGT name-calling and promote respect for all students.

Question 33

National Day of Silence

Answer 33

A day during which students do not speak in recognition of the daily harassment that LBGT students endure

Question 34

Gay Pride

Answer 34

Demonstrative and cultural expressions of gay activism that include celebrations, marches, demonstrations, or other cultural activities promoting gay rights